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# Emerald Packaging CEO Kevin Kelly: Building a sustainable company
- URL: https://www.ceo.com/episodes/emerald-packaging-ceo-kevin-kelly/
- Published: 2024-02-01T11:00:02.000Z
- Updated: 2026-08-30T21:37:46.000Z
- Description: The CEO of Emerald Packaging on farmers who won't order, machines that break at 2 a.m., and the supply chain nobody thinks about until it fails.
- Author: Clint Betts

# The bag has proved mightier than the salad

Walk into the produce section of any grocery store in America and look at the bags. The spinach, the salad, the carrots, the celery. About half of them came from one factory in Union City, California.

The factory belongs to [Emerald Packaging](https://empack.com/?ref=ceo.com), founded in 1963 by James P. Kelly and three partners he later bought out. His son Kevin Kelly has run it since 2002\. "We're the produce packaging kings of the United States," Kelly said on the CEO.com Podcast. "Sort of a niche we focused on and conquered."

His customers are farmers, and farmers do not order ahead. Every October, Kelly runs 50 to 70 million celery bags in the run-up to Thanksgiving. The crop has come in every year for 30 years. His customers still will not order before mid-September. "It's not laziness," he said. "I think it's just a fundamental distrust of the ground, the weather, the seed, everything, and so until it's here, they don't believe it."

Emerald's answer: "We've survived by mastering the art of chaos."

The chaos is not only in the fields. A couple of months before the conversation, two Emerald employees decided the way to stay awake at their machine all night was cocaine. They bought it around midnight, overdosed in the factory, and Kelly ended up hosting the police at 2 a.m. Both men recovered. The dealer turned out to be a former employee. Then came the plant meetings about drug use, the reminders about testing. "When the kids ask, 'What are you going to do today?' and then ask, 'What happened today?' It's usually two different answers," Kelly said. "I've gotten used to that, although I used to have completely black hair up until about five years ago."

Kelly spent [nine years as a reporter for BusinessWeek](https://ceo-musings.com/about/?ref=ceo.com) before any of this, covering manufacturing and airlines out of the Los Angeles, Dallas, and Chicago bureaus. He wanted to run a business instead of writing about them. "I've always felt that I owed a resounding apology to all those people I wrote negatively about, because this is a lot harder, I think, than I ever imagined it would be."

He kept planning to diversify the company. It went the other way. Of Emerald's roughly $100 million in sales, about $95 million is produce, and Kelly told his sales staff to quit claiming they were in dog food. "We're set up as a produce packaging supplier, and as a produce packaging supplier, I'll die."

He also thought the simple pre-made bag would give way to technical films. It did not. "The bag has proved mightier than the salad, and we still do billions of bags a year out of this facility."

Emerald is still family owned, though a professional team runs it now, led by company president Pallavi Joyappa. Kelly's siblings are the owners. His brother still calls on major customers, and the customers are families too. "It means something to the De Rigo clan or the Tanimura clan or the Antles that the Kellys are here, and it means something to us that they're there." The deal underneath the deal: Emerald never runs a customer out of packaging, and the customer never beats Emerald over the head for the lowest price. "Our customers are as committed to our survival as we are to theirs."

COVID proved it out. Emerald sent the office home on March 15, 2020, and kept the factory running. Sales were flat through the 15th and finished the month up 200%. The company held 300 shift meetings over about 500 days. "If we didn't have people to work, we would've been out of business simply because we couldn't deliver."

Ask Kelly about the food system, and he starts in the fields, where lettuce is still cut by hand with machetes. "If you were to read Steinbeck, it probably wouldn't be much different today than then." Machines fail in the mud. The product gets cooled from 70 degrees to near freezing, chopped, washed, dropped into film that has to let the right amount of oxygen in and CO2 out, then trucked across the country and left three hours on a summer loading dock in New York. "It is a miracle sometimes, I think, and Americans, as we are apt, don't really appreciate how complex this whole process is." Pull one piece out and the system that grows in Salinas and feeds Chicago collapses. Replacing plastic at the scale of billions of pounds a year, he argues, would take a command economy and decades. The realistic project is making the existing system better.

That is the project he has been running for 20 years. Emerald says it introduced the [first compostable package in the produce industry](https://empack.com/capabilities/?ref=ceo.com). In December 2025, the company announced it had [replaced more than 1 million pounds of virgin polyethylene](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/less-plastic-healthier-planet-emerald-packaging-eliminates-over-1m-pounds-of-virgin-plastic-302638667.html?ref=ceo.com) with post-consumer recycled material in a year, including the first 30% food-contact PCR potato bag, built with Idaho Package, Wada Farms, and Walmart. The Packer put Kelly on its [2025 Packer 25](https://www.thepacker.com/news/people/2025-packer-25-kevin-kelly?ref=ceo.com) for two decades of work on plastic waste, including shaping California recycling legislation. In May 2026 came the [first acquisition in Emerald's 63-year history](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/emerald-packaging-expands-footprint-during-growth-phase-302769088.html?ref=ceo.com), a Santa Ana facility that puts the company three hours from the Mexicali crossing instead of more than a day. Kelly told [Packaging Dive](https://www.packagingdive.com/news/emerald-packaging-ceo-kevin-kelly-california-expansion-epr-pcr/820948/?ref=ceo.com) that Emerald looked at being acquired a couple of years ago and discarded the idea. He is [eyeing a potential 50% boost in sales](https://www.thepacker.com/news/emerald-packagings-new-socal-hub-enhance-shelf-life-border-growers?ref=ceo.com) instead.

On AI, Kelly does not talk about chatbots. He talks about the $4 million German printing presses that run 24 hours a day, 362 and a half days a year, and break at the worst possible moment while the parts sit in Germany. He wants machines that announce a failure before it happens. And he talks about Miranda, his scheduler, who "sees a factory in its full dimension" and reshuffles jobs across 10 departments when a customer calls hours before running out of bags. "If I were to lose Miranda, and if she's listening, she already knows this anyway; she's indispensable." What he wants from AI is help for Miranda, so he can sleep at night.

Every conversation on the CEO.com Podcast ends with the same question, built on the belief that the chances one gives are just as important as the chances one takes. Who gave Kevin Kelly a chance? He named his father, who brought him into the business and taught him. Troy Watson, the plant manager, who had confidence he could learn the job. And Joyappa, who pushes him now. "A lot of times, I'm sorry, 62-year-olds begin to lose our edge a little bit, become maybe a little bit more conservative than we should when opportunity presents itself. She really has helped me thrive towards the latter part of my career and helps me still feel relevant."

"I can say I've survived," Kelly said, "but boy, it's been anything but what you would read about in a business book."

```chapters
00:00:00 Introducing Kevin Kelly and Emerald Packaging
00:04:56 How Emerald Conquered Produce Packaging
00:08:16 Lessons From Working With Farmers
00:13:57 The Vulnerability of the Food System
00:18:16 Why You Can't Just Eliminate Plastic Packaging
00:23:09 A Typical Day as CEO
00:24:03 Crisis Management: Drugs and COVID-19
00:29:14 Artificial Intelligence in Packaging
00:34:16 Intelligent Packaging and Reducing Food Waste
00:36:25 Who Gave Kevin His Chance
```

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And<00:04:07.898> I've<00:04:08.059> always<00:04:08.462> felt<00:04:08.784> that<00:04:08.945> I<00:04:09.348> owed<00:04:11.280> a<00:04:11.860> resounding<00:04:12.504> apology<00:04:13.229> to<00:04:13.293> all<00:04:13.535> those<00:04:13.792> people<00:04:14.098> I<00:04:14.276> wrote<00:04:14.517> negatively<00:04:15.081> about<00:04:15.403> because<00:04:15.870> this<00:04:16.208> is<00:04:16.450> a<00:04:16.466> lot<00:04:16.756> harder,<00:04:17.239> I<00:04:17.336> think,<00:04:17.642> than<00:04:17.803> I<00:04:18.609> ever<00:04:19.028> imagined<00:04:19.753> it<00:04:19.914> would<00:04:20.140> be<00:04:20.381> before<00:04:20.800> I<00:04:21.348> came<00:04:21.606> in.

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And<00:04:23.362> now<00:04:23.620> that<00:04:23.781> I've<00:04:23.943> been<00:04:24.168> doing<00:04:24.507> it<00:04:24.764> since<00:04:25.829> 21,<00:04:26.553> sorry,<00:04:27.870> 2001,<00:04:30.735> 2002.

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You<00:04:31.510> know,<00:04:31.833> I<00:04:31.978> can<00:04:32.155> say<00:04:33.123> I've<00:04:33.285> survived,<00:04:33.914> but<00:04:34.092> boy,<00:04:34.318> it's<00:04:34.576> been,<00:04:35.705> it's<00:04:35.867> been,<00:04:36.512> it's<00:04:36.754> been<00:04:36.915> anything<00:04:37.464> but<00:04:37.641> what<00:04:37.867> you<00:04:38.029> would<00:04:38.287> read<00:04:38.545> about<00:04:39.094> in<00:04:39.174> a<00:04:39.255> business<00:04:39.658> book<00:04:39.900> for<00:04:39.981> the<00:04:40.030> most<00:04:40.223> part.

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So<00:04:43.046> there<00:04:43.192> wasn't<00:04:43.530> much<00:04:43.853> prep,<00:04:44.321> and<00:04:44.676> I'm<00:04:44.821> not<00:04:45.063> sure<00:04:45.386> though<00:04:45.725> there<00:04:45.934> could<00:04:46.031> have<00:04:46.096> been<00:04:46.273> much<00:04:46.499> prep<00:04:46.741> anyway.

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So<00:04:48.557> yeah,<00:04:48.802> that's<00:04:49.208> my<00:04:49.371> sense<00:04:49.632> of<00:04:49.713> it<00:04:49.860> too,<00:04:50.185> is<00:04:50.413> I'm<00:04:50.511> not<00:04:50.755> sure<00:04:51.097> that<00:04:51.243> you<00:04:51.325> can<00:04:51.487> really<00:04:51.715> prepare<00:04:52.611> for<00:04:52.855> running<00:04:53.262> a<00:04:54.055> a<00:04:54.217> business<00:04:55.350> that's<00:04:55.511> so<00:04:55.900> unique.

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I<00:04:56.320> mean,<00:04:56.466> there's<00:04:56.628> so<00:04:56.660> many—<00:04:57.129> I<00:04:57.145> mean,<00:04:57.518> you're<00:04:58.019> the,<00:04:58.974> uh,<00:04:59.394> have<00:04:59.621> figured<00:04:59.944> out<00:05:00.025> how<00:05:00.122> to<00:05:00.268> conquer<00:05:00.688> produce<00:05:01.336> packaging.

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How,<00:05:03.143> how<00:05:03.240> did<00:05:03.387> you<00:05:03.484> do<00:05:03.712> that?

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How<00:05:04.054> did,<00:05:04.363> how<00:05:04.477> did<00:05:04.640> Emerald<00:05:04.867> Packaging<00:05:05.356> do<00:05:05.518> that?

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Well,<00:05:07.292> I,<00:05:07.634> you<00:05:07.715> know,<00:05:07.975> we,<00:05:08.366> we<00:05:08.528> sort<00:05:08.773> of,<00:05:11.175> um,<00:05:11.594> so<00:05:11.885> we're<00:05:12.062> in<00:05:12.223> the<00:05:12.949> San<00:05:13.127> Francisco<00:05:13.595> Bay<00:05:13.820> Area<00:05:14.159> and<00:05:14.320> we're<00:05:14.482> just<00:05:14.659> an<00:05:14.788> hour<00:05:14.982> and<00:05:15.111> a<00:05:15.191> half<00:05:16.079> north<00:05:16.337> of<00:05:16.433> Salinas<00:05:17.369> and<00:05:17.934> about<00:05:18.998> 4<00:05:19.305> hours<00:05:19.788> north<00:05:20.063> of<00:05:20.127> Bakersfield.

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About<00:05:21.816> 3<00:05:22.041> hours<00:05:22.380> north<00:05:22.638> of<00:05:22.767> Fresno.

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So<00:05:24.331> it<00:05:24.396> was<00:05:24.622> a<00:05:24.654> market<00:05:25.025> that<00:05:25.122> sort<00:05:25.347> of<00:05:25.380> sat<00:05:25.702> in<00:05:25.831> our<00:05:25.928> backyard,<00:05:27.320> uh,<00:05:27.980> and<00:05:28.882> it's<00:05:29.188> short<00:05:29.527> run,<00:05:29.913> high<00:05:30.010> response.

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And<00:05:32.507> so<00:05:32.749> my<00:05:32.910> father<00:05:33.377> in<00:05:33.458> the<00:05:33.554> late<00:05:33.732> '70s,<00:05:34.682> uh,<00:05:35.149> picked<00:05:35.407> up<00:05:35.568> a<00:05:35.649> broker<00:05:36.052> in<00:05:36.293> Salinas<00:05:37.723> and,<00:05:38.124> uh,<00:05:38.462> or<00:05:38.606> he<00:05:38.783> picked<00:05:39.088> up<00:05:39.185> my<00:05:39.345> father,<00:05:39.731> I<00:05:39.827> should<00:05:40.004> say,<00:05:40.936> and,<00:05:41.418> uh,<00:05:41.594> brought<00:05:41.835> us<00:05:42.141> into<00:05:42.317> the<00:05:42.478> produce<00:05:42.880> market<00:05:43.201> back<00:05:43.506> then.

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It<00:05:44.486> completely<00:05:45.049> made<00:05:45.354> sense<00:05:45.757> given<00:05:46.098> the<00:05:46.201> logistics.

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They<00:05:48.860> developed<00:05:49.487> some<00:05:49.809> technology<00:05:50.468> together<00:05:51.498> that<00:05:52.946> kept<00:05:53.429> a<00:05:53.606> head<00:05:53.831> of<00:05:53.992> iceberg<00:05:54.555> lettuce<00:05:56.099> fresher<00:05:56.647> longer<00:05:57.083> so<00:05:57.325> it<00:05:57.455> could<00:05:57.616> make<00:05:57.874> it<00:05:58.101> from<00:05:58.375> Salinas<00:05:59.473> to<00:05:59.570> New<00:05:59.667> York<00:06:00.523> without<00:06:00.943> rotting.

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And<00:06:03.183> that<00:06:03.408> was<00:06:03.584> just,<00:06:03.906> that<00:06:04.082> was<00:06:04.307> well<00:06:04.564> before<00:06:05.014> the<00:06:05.111> whole<00:06:05.352> fresh<00:06:05.673> cut<00:06:05.914> craze.

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This<00:06:07.505> was<00:06:07.682> just,<00:06:09.031> this<00:06:09.272> was<00:06:09.385> just<00:06:10.494> the<00:06:10.638> good<00:06:10.879> old<00:06:11.522> iceberg<00:06:12.084> lettuce<00:06:12.390> head<00:06:13.037> still<00:06:13.299> around.

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Still<00:06:14.373> beloved.

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We<00:06:15.481> still<00:06:15.754> make<00:06:16.075> millions<00:06:16.766> upon<00:06:17.023> millions<00:06:17.504> upon<00:06:17.842> millions<00:06:18.372> of<00:06:18.773> iceberg<00:06:19.255> lettuce<00:06:19.592> bags<00:06:20.540> because<00:06:20.861> we<00:06:20.957> still<00:06:21.279> ship<00:06:21.680> the<00:06:21.760> dang<00:06:22.082> things<00:06:22.419> from<00:06:22.644> Salinas<00:06:24.587> or<00:06:24.796> Yuma<00:06:25.856> cross-country,<00:06:26.659> and<00:06:27.221> they<00:06:27.639> still<00:06:27.944> need<00:06:28.265> it<00:06:28.345> for<00:06:29.293> protection.

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But<00:06:30.899> it<00:06:30.979> really,<00:06:31.301> I<00:06:31.397> think,<00:06:31.622> was<00:06:32.521> finding,<00:06:33.067> you<00:06:33.244> know,<00:06:33.324> the<00:06:33.405> happenstance<00:06:34.609> of<00:06:34.754> getting<00:06:35.075> a<00:06:35.396> guy<00:06:35.733> who<00:06:36.376> really<00:06:36.633> knew<00:06:36.777> how<00:06:36.938> to<00:06:37.018> sell<00:06:37.404> into<00:06:37.580> Salinas<00:06:38.929> and<00:06:40.070> my<00:06:40.230> father<00:06:40.632> having<00:06:41.017> the<00:06:41.114> capacity<00:06:41.756> and<00:06:41.901> being<00:06:42.222> at<00:06:42.318> that<00:06:42.543> time<00:06:43.202> in<00:06:43.362> Berkeley,<00:06:45.114> and,<00:06:45.451> you<00:06:45.596> know,<00:06:47.058> they<00:06:47.219> just<00:06:47.766> ended<00:06:48.248> up<00:06:48.328> being<00:06:48.585> a<00:06:48.601> match<00:06:49.212> made<00:06:49.405> in<00:06:49.549> heaven.

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I<00:06:50.899> came<00:06:51.221> in<00:06:51.381> and<00:06:51.542> always<00:06:51.863> thought<00:06:52.040> we<00:06:52.201> would<00:06:52.330> diversify.

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First<00:06:53.426> of<00:06:53.555> all,<00:06:53.958> I<00:06:55.086> thought<00:06:55.505> the<00:06:55.667> bags,<00:06:56.215> the<00:06:56.311> pre-made<00:06:56.795> bags,<00:06:57.990> would<00:06:58.103> give<00:06:58.347> way<00:06:58.671> to<00:06:58.996> these<00:07:00.034> really<00:07:00.375> technical<00:07:01.171> films<00:07:02.388> that<00:07:02.566> would<00:07:02.712> allow,<00:07:03.216> that<00:07:03.378> allow,<00:07:04.254> say,<00:07:04.449> salads<00:07:05.082> to<00:07:06.603> extend<00:07:08.076> the<00:07:08.156> shelf<00:07:08.464> life<00:07:08.642> of<00:07:08.723> salads.

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But<00:07:11.393> the<00:07:11.474> bag<00:07:11.959> is,<00:07:12.618> proved<00:07:13.457> mightier<00:07:14.086> than<00:07:14.312> the<00:07:14.393> salad.

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And<00:07:15.942> we<00:07:16.038> still<00:07:16.426> do<00:07:17.475> billions<00:07:18.265> of<00:07:18.362> bags<00:07:18.862> a<00:07:19.008> year<00:07:19.556> out<00:07:19.653> of<00:07:19.798> this<00:07:19.976> facility.

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I<00:07:22.192> always<00:07:22.596> thought,<00:07:23.225> so<00:07:23.547> one,<00:07:23.789> I<00:07:23.870> always<00:07:24.160> thought<00:07:24.224> we'd<00:07:24.370> be<00:07:24.515> out<00:07:24.676> of<00:07:24.773> the<00:07:24.950> simple<00:07:25.418> bag<00:07:25.724> business,<00:07:26.224> which<00:07:26.386> is<00:07:26.611> considered<00:07:27.176> a<00:07:27.337> commodity,<00:07:28.321> except<00:07:28.547> no<00:07:28.708> one<00:07:28.805> makes<00:07:29.031> them<00:07:29.143> anymore.

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So<00:07:30.413> it's<00:07:31.121> not<00:07:31.297> so<00:07:31.442> much<00:07:31.619> a<00:07:31.699> commodity<00:07:32.342> and<00:07:32.744> we're<00:07:32.905> the<00:07:32.985> last<00:07:33.322> of<00:07:33.387> the<00:07:33.467> Mohicans<00:07:34.094> there.

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But<00:07:35.412> I<00:07:35.476> always<00:07:35.797> thought<00:07:36.022> I'd<00:07:36.215> diversify<00:07:36.922> us<00:07:37.147> out<00:07:37.308> of<00:07:37.485> produce.

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And<00:07:38.433> all<00:07:38.529> I<00:07:38.690> did<00:07:39.082> actually<00:07:39.611> over<00:07:39.867> time<00:07:40.622> was<00:07:40.782> get<00:07:40.943> us<00:07:41.103> deeper<00:07:41.488> and<00:07:41.585> deeper<00:07:41.970> and<00:07:42.130> deeper<00:07:42.532> into<00:07:42.772> produce<00:07:44.313> to<00:07:44.458> the<00:07:44.634> point<00:07:44.955> today<00:07:45.356> where<00:07:45.822> out<00:07:45.998> of<00:07:46.079> our<00:07:46.127> $100<00:07:46.592> million<00:07:46.961> in<00:07:47.042> sales,<00:07:48.165> about<00:07:48.486> $95<00:07:49.128> million<00:07:49.513> are<00:07:50.990> strictly<00:07:51.616> in<00:07:51.696> the<00:07:51.857> produce<00:07:52.178> sector.

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I<00:07:53.783> told<00:07:54.104> my<00:07:54.681> sales<00:07:55.067> staff<00:07:55.484> to<00:07:55.628> quit<00:07:56.030> claiming,<00:07:56.591> you<00:07:56.688> know,<00:07:57.378> that<00:07:57.458> we<00:07:57.635> were<00:07:57.779> in<00:07:57.891> dog<00:07:58.261> food<00:07:58.598> because<00:07:59.641> it<00:07:59.785> was<00:07:59.962> an<00:08:00.106> aspiration<00:08:01.390> and<00:08:02.610> it<00:08:02.690> was<00:08:03.172> just<00:08:03.413> never<00:08:03.637> going<00:08:03.734> to<00:08:03.814> come<00:08:04.039> to<00:08:04.135> pass.

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We're<00:08:04.857> set<00:08:05.178> up<00:08:05.355> as<00:08:05.499> a<00:08:05.579> produce<00:08:06.767> a<00:08:07.265> packaging<00:08:07.731> supplier<00:08:08.390> and<00:08:08.695> as<00:08:08.888> a<00:08:08.952> produce<00:08:09.418> packaging<00:08:09.932> supplier,<00:08:10.494> I'll<00:08:10.719> die.

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So<00:08:13.514> we're<00:08:14.558> in<00:08:14.654> the<00:08:14.735> sector<00:08:15.136> for<00:08:15.297> good.

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What<00:08:17.048> have<00:08:17.144> you<00:08:17.369> learned<00:08:17.706> about<00:08:19.007> farming<00:08:20.019> and<00:08:20.356> food<00:08:20.678> production<00:08:21.320> and<00:08:21.545> working<00:08:21.947> with<00:08:22.188> farmers?

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What<00:08:22.991> has<00:08:23.151> that<00:08:23.408> experience<00:08:23.971> been<00:08:24.115> like?

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That's<00:08:26.701> the<00:08:26.926> first<00:08:27.263> time<00:08:28.452> I've<00:08:28.870> ever<00:08:29.175> been<00:08:29.336> asked<00:08:29.593> that<00:08:29.689> question.

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Really?

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Good<00:08:32.390> question,<00:08:33.699> because<00:08:34.345> it<00:08:34.506> really<00:08:35.556> defines<00:08:36.283> the<00:08:36.429> contours,<00:08:37.172> I<00:08:37.317> think,<00:08:38.206> of<00:08:38.383> my<00:08:38.545> life<00:08:39.579> and<00:08:40.063> the<00:08:40.160> life<00:08:40.419> of<00:08:40.548> this<00:08:40.726> business.

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Farmers<00:08:42.949> are<00:08:43.835> farmers,<00:08:44.334> whether<00:08:44.721> they're<00:08:45.123> billion-dollar<00:08:45.848> companies<00:08:46.589> or<00:08:46.831> they're<00:08:48.345> $50<00:08:48.619> million<00:08:49.311> companies.

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Just<00:08:51.274> to<00:08:51.357> sort<00:08:51.604> of<00:08:51.686> go<00:08:51.917> back<00:08:52.262> to<00:08:52.345> the<00:08:52.592> earlier<00:08:52.921> thought,<00:08:54.948> they<00:08:55.126> just<00:08:55.368> never<00:08:55.933> trust<00:08:57.047> that<00:08:57.225> the<00:08:57.370> crop<00:08:57.806> is<00:08:57.951> going<00:08:58.064> to<00:08:58.194> come<00:08:58.420> in<00:08:58.678> until<00:08:59.780> It's<00:08:59.877> here.

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And<00:09:01.512> so,<00:09:02.645> for<00:09:02.872> instance,<00:09:03.617> every<00:09:04.086> October,<00:09:04.734> I<00:09:04.912> can<00:09:05.155> guarantee<00:09:05.705> you<00:09:06.596> I'm<00:09:06.839> going<00:09:07.081> to<00:09:07.259> run<00:09:09.517> 50,<00:09:09.998> 60,<00:09:10.496> 70<00:09:10.978> million<00:09:12.248> celery<00:09:12.794> bags<00:09:13.838> in<00:09:13.918> the<00:09:14.015> run-up<00:09:14.432> to<00:09:14.738> Thanksgiving.

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The<00:09:15.862> celery<00:09:16.248> crop's<00:09:16.585> coming.

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People<00:09:17.710> buy<00:09:18.031> it<00:09:18.160> to<00:09:18.194> make<00:09:18.438> dressing.

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I<00:09:20.784> know<00:09:21.045> it's<00:09:21.193> going<00:09:21.307> to<00:09:21.340> happen.

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It's<00:09:22.075> happened<00:09:22.565> every<00:09:22.892> year<00:09:24.444> for<00:09:24.607> the<00:09:24.640> last<00:09:25.436> 30<00:09:25.756> years.

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And<00:09:27.920> every<00:09:28.160> year<00:09:28.416> for<00:09:28.512> the<00:09:28.593> last<00:09:28.897> 30<00:09:29.202> years,<00:09:29.458> we've<00:09:29.618> tried<00:09:29.939> to<00:09:30.019> get<00:09:30.163> our<00:09:30.275> celery<00:09:30.740> customers<00:09:31.701> to<00:09:31.926> order<00:09:32.583> in<00:09:32.727> August<00:09:33.929> so<00:09:34.265> that—<00:09:34.602> or<00:09:34.746> July—<00:09:35.243> so<00:09:35.531> that<00:09:35.627> we<00:09:35.788> can<00:09:36.188> get<00:09:36.413> ahead<00:09:36.669> of<00:09:39.377> the<00:09:39.473> demand.

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And<00:09:40.916> they'll<00:09:41.092> never<00:09:41.332> do<00:09:41.541> it.

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I'm<00:09:42.871> lucky<00:09:43.143> if<00:09:43.303> I<00:09:43.399> see<00:09:43.704> orders<00:09:44.056> by<00:09:45.386> mid-September.

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And<00:09:47.550> it's<00:09:47.726> not<00:09:48.047> laziness.

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I<00:09:48.928> think<00:09:49.184> it's<00:09:49.328> just<00:09:49.585> a<00:09:49.809> fundamental<00:09:50.434> distrust<00:09:51.476> of<00:09:51.636> the<00:09:51.733> ground,<00:09:52.455> the<00:09:52.615> weather,<00:09:53.979> the<00:09:54.059> seed,<00:09:54.845> everything.

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And<00:09:57.348> so<00:09:57.668> until<00:09:58.150> it's<00:09:58.374> here,<00:09:59.273> they<00:09:59.433> don't<00:09:59.594> believe<00:10:00.059> it.

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And<00:10:01.599> until<00:10:01.856> they<00:10:02.080> believe<00:10:02.481> it,<00:10:03.107> they<00:10:03.283> don't<00:10:03.668> order<00:10:03.989> because<00:10:04.310> they<00:10:04.342> don't<00:10:04.551> want<00:10:04.631> to<00:10:04.711> get<00:10:04.823> stuck<00:10:05.112> with<00:10:05.209> the<00:10:05.289> supplies<00:10:06.331> in<00:10:06.492> case<00:10:08.257> the<00:10:08.481> crop<00:10:08.802> doesn't<00:10:09.123> come<00:10:09.283> in.

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So<00:10:11.449> there's<00:10:11.626> certainly<00:10:12.091> that.

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On<00:10:13.406> the<00:10:13.535> other<00:10:13.711> hand,<00:10:14.257> farmers<00:10:14.834> are<00:10:14.979> also<00:10:15.556> incredibly<00:10:16.294> sophisticated<00:10:17.882> thinkers<00:10:18.588> and<00:10:18.749> business<00:10:19.085> people.

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If<00:10:20.369> you're<00:10:20.674> running<00:10:20.994> a<00:10:21.091> farm<00:10:21.572> in<00:10:21.652> the<00:10:21.716> United<00:10:22.069> States<00:10:22.470> today,<00:10:22.855> especially<00:10:23.577> one<00:10:24.299> that<00:10:24.476> isn't<00:10:24.845> highly<00:10:25.117> subsidized<00:10:25.823> by<00:10:25.984> the<00:10:26.144> federal<00:10:26.385> government,<00:10:27.812> leafy<00:10:28.069> greens<00:10:28.550> don't<00:10:29.016> really<00:10:29.336> get<00:10:29.673> much<00:10:29.930> at<00:10:30.058> all.

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We're—<00:10:31.261> I<00:10:31.438> call<00:10:31.759> the<00:10:31.903> leafy<00:10:32.160> greens<00:10:32.561> that<00:10:33.347> we're<00:10:33.604> in<00:10:33.748> the<00:10:33.989> lettuce<00:10:34.406> sort<00:10:34.711> of<00:10:35.769> category.

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So<00:10:38.015> they<00:10:38.256> really<00:10:38.577> have<00:10:38.817> to<00:10:38.914> be<00:10:39.844> on<00:10:40.021> top<00:10:41.047> of<00:10:41.208> everything.

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There's<00:10:42.122> going<00:10:42.218> to<00:10:42.283> be<00:10:42.427> no<00:10:42.732> government<00:10:43.149> bailout<00:10:43.710> if<00:10:44.434> If<00:10:44.596> the<00:10:44.741> crop<00:10:45.161> fails<00:10:45.726> or<00:10:45.969> the<00:10:46.114> weather<00:10:46.373> is<00:10:46.518> a<00:10:46.599> problem,<00:10:47.746> they<00:10:48.053> really<00:10:48.392> have<00:10:48.650> to<00:10:48.731> manage<00:10:49.442> their<00:10:49.830> water<00:10:50.169> resources.

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They're<00:10:51.768> incredibly<00:10:53.239> concerned<00:10:54.436> about<00:10:54.710> sustainability<00:10:55.665> because<00:10:56.700> of<00:10:56.861> the<00:10:56.942> concern<00:10:57.363> about<00:10:57.686> water<00:10:59.449> and<00:10:59.950> the<00:11:00.096> concern<00:11:00.533> about<00:11:00.904> cost.

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So<00:11:01.568> most<00:11:01.859> of<00:11:01.940> my<00:11:02.042> customers<00:11:02.676> are,<00:11:04.476> you<00:11:04.589> know,<00:11:05.202> 80%<00:11:05.622> solar-based,<00:11:07.864> for<00:11:08.025> instance.

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In<00:11:10.784> some<00:11:11.026> cases,<00:11:11.494> it<00:11:11.574> has<00:11:11.833> to<00:11:11.994> do<00:11:12.075> with<00:11:12.236> their<00:11:12.381> environmental<00:11:12.962> concern.

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In<00:11:13.365> other<00:11:13.430> cases,<00:11:13.865> it's<00:11:13.962> just<00:11:14.091> the<00:11:16.060> the<00:11:16.172> cost<00:11:16.591> of<00:11:16.801> energy<00:11:17.687> to<00:11:17.784> run<00:11:18.009> the<00:11:18.090> kind<00:11:18.348> of<00:11:18.428> facilities<00:11:19.218> they<00:11:19.862> have<00:11:20.604> makes<00:11:20.845> the<00:11:20.942> payback<00:11:21.426> in<00:11:21.490> solar<00:11:24.310> really<00:11:24.696> easy.

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So<00:11:26.303> they're<00:11:26.480> pretty<00:11:26.737> sophisticated<00:11:27.541> and<00:11:27.669> deep<00:11:27.911> thinkers<00:11:28.264> about<00:11:28.489> their<00:11:28.650> businesses<00:11:29.212> as<00:11:29.357> well.

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They're<00:11:30.321> also<00:11:30.739> family,<00:11:31.607> and<00:11:32.346> we're<00:11:32.668> still<00:11:33.375> a<00:11:33.520> family-owned<00:11:33.976> business.

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We're<00:11:37.113> not,<00:11:38.639> I<00:11:38.737> would<00:11:38.834> say,<00:11:39.061> family-operated<00:11:40.035> much<00:11:40.295> anymore.

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We<00:11:41.821> have<00:11:42.081> a<00:11:43.143> professional<00:11:43.705> team<00:11:44.508> running<00:11:44.893> it,<00:11:45.230> and<00:11:46.659> I'm,<00:11:47.397> I'm<00:11:47.718> the<00:11:47.975> sort<00:11:48.264> of<00:11:48.360> last<00:11:48.762> of<00:11:48.842> the<00:11:49.307> Mohicans<00:11:49.885> here<00:11:50.110> at<00:11:50.206> the<00:11:50.351> executive<00:11:50.848> level.

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My<00:11:51.988> siblings<00:11:52.935> are<00:11:53.095> the<00:11:53.320> owners,<00:11:53.898> though,<00:11:54.845> and<00:11:55.584> my<00:11:55.744> brother<00:11:56.001> still<00:11:56.611> goes<00:11:56.932> out<00:11:57.108> and<00:11:57.205> sees<00:11:57.590> major<00:11:57.911> customers.

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And<00:11:59.757> that<00:11:59.901> connection,<00:12:01.346> that<00:12:01.523> family<00:12:01.908> connection,<00:12:02.710> I<00:12:02.807> think<00:12:03.272> really<00:12:04.155> plays<00:12:04.492> an<00:12:04.572> important<00:12:05.134> piece.

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It<00:12:06.900> means<00:12:07.301> something<00:12:08.024> to<00:12:08.120> the<00:12:08.666> D'Arrigo<00:12:09.308> clan<00:12:10.014> or<00:12:11.154> the<00:12:11.314> Tanimura<00:12:12.021> Clan<00:12:12.358> or<00:12:12.438> the<00:12:12.663> Antles,<00:12:13.723> that<00:12:14.044> the<00:12:14.189> Kellys<00:12:14.751> are<00:12:15.232> here<00:12:15.714> and<00:12:15.875> it<00:12:15.955> means<00:12:16.212> something<00:12:17.480> to,<00:12:18.074> to<00:12:19.086> us<00:12:19.343> that<00:12:19.487> they're<00:12:19.664> there.

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And<00:12:21.270> there's<00:12:21.832> sort<00:12:22.072> of<00:12:22.297> a<00:12:22.554> respect<00:12:23.742> for<00:12:24.320> the<00:12:24.465> kind<00:12:24.947> of<00:12:25.508> work<00:12:26.151> that<00:12:26.970> goes<00:12:27.435> along<00:12:28.318> with<00:12:29.041> running<00:12:29.314> a<00:12:29.378> family<00:12:29.699> business<00:12:30.486> because<00:12:30.807> you're<00:12:30.904> not<00:12:31.305> just<00:12:31.610> managing<00:12:32.027> the<00:12:32.108> business,<00:12:32.493> you're<00:12:32.654> also<00:12:32.911> managing<00:12:33.457> family.

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Yeah.

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And<00:12:36.443> they<00:12:36.603> all<00:12:37.004> know<00:12:37.646> that<00:12:39.154> one<00:12:39.314> of<00:12:39.347> the<00:12:39.491> topics<00:12:39.972> around<00:12:40.357> the<00:12:40.454> kitchen<00:12:40.774> table,<00:12:41.657> whether<00:12:42.122> it's<00:12:43.021> nightly<00:12:43.823> or<00:12:44.288> Christmas<00:12:44.866> Day,<00:12:45.828> is<00:12:46.005> going<00:12:46.149> to<00:12:46.229> be<00:12:46.390> some<00:12:46.855> aspect<00:12:47.497> of<00:12:47.737> the<00:12:47.834> business<00:12:48.876> because<00:12:49.759> the<00:12:49.903> business<00:12:51.443> is<00:12:51.620> inside<00:12:52.069> us<00:12:53.032> and<00:12:53.673> it's<00:12:54.331> part<00:12:54.572> of<00:12:54.716> our<00:12:55.855> legacy<00:12:56.417> as<00:12:56.577> a<00:12:56.641> family<00:12:57.845> and<00:12:58.246> as<00:12:58.422> it<00:12:58.567> is<00:12:58.823> part<00:12:59.048> of<00:12:59.080> their<00:12:59.305> legacy<00:12:59.930> as<00:13:00.027> a<00:13:00.107> family.

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So<00:13:01.246> those<00:13:02.270> Connections,<00:13:03.100> I<00:13:03.181> think,<00:13:06.113> matter,<00:13:06.553> those<00:13:06.699> sort<00:13:06.927> of<00:13:07.090> familial<00:13:07.595> connections.

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And<00:13:09.573> so<00:13:10.216> it's<00:13:10.939> a—<00:13:11.566> this<00:13:11.743> isn't<00:13:11.984> the<00:13:12.129> auto<00:13:12.386> industry<00:13:12.868> where<00:13:13.045> we're<00:13:13.270> just<00:13:13.511> dealing<00:13:13.913> with,<00:13:14.701> you<00:13:14.877> know,<00:13:15.022> nameless<00:13:15.424> parts<00:13:15.665> suppliers,<00:13:16.228> or<00:13:16.324> even<00:13:16.581> if<00:13:16.726> they're<00:13:17.835> not<00:13:18.012> nameless<00:13:19.849> parts<00:13:20.010> suppliers<00:13:20.445> who<00:13:20.510> are<00:13:20.655> getting<00:13:21.557> the<00:13:22.057> snot<00:13:22.508> knocked<00:13:22.830> out<00:13:22.991> of<00:13:23.088> them<00:13:23.249> by<00:13:23.491> GM<00:13:23.958> every<00:13:24.200> other<00:13:24.377> week,<00:13:25.247> you<00:13:25.924> know,<00:13:26.214> and<00:13:26.553> in<00:13:26.875> this<00:13:27.181> instance,<00:13:28.307> I<00:13:28.403> think<00:13:28.901> our<00:13:29.046> customers<00:13:29.672> are<00:13:29.849> as<00:13:30.009> committed<00:13:30.411> to<00:13:30.556> our<00:13:30.732> survival<00:13:31.278> as<00:13:31.455> we<00:13:31.600> are<00:13:31.696> to<00:13:31.857> theirs.

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So<00:13:33.142> our<00:13:33.527> commitment<00:13:33.929> to<00:13:34.009> them<00:13:34.202> is<00:13:34.346> never<00:13:34.668> to<00:13:34.812> run<00:13:34.973> them<00:13:35.133> out<00:13:35.487> of<00:13:35.551> packaging.

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And<00:13:37.960> their<00:13:38.185> commitment<00:13:38.603> to<00:13:38.748> us<00:13:39.551> is<00:13:39.727> not<00:13:39.984> to<00:13:40.113> come<00:13:40.450> beat<00:13:40.691> us<00:13:40.836> over<00:13:41.028> the<00:13:41.157> head<00:13:41.334> for<00:13:41.494> the<00:13:41.575> lowest<00:13:41.960> price<00:13:42.924> every<00:13:43.165> year<00:13:43.422> so<00:13:43.727> that<00:13:44.289> we<00:13:44.546> can<00:13:45.590> invest<00:13:46.538> in<00:13:46.940> the<00:13:47.036> type<00:13:47.277> of<00:13:47.373> equipment<00:13:48.401> that<00:13:48.546> allows<00:13:49.028> us<00:13:49.204> to<00:13:49.301> remain<00:13:49.686> nimble<00:13:50.008> enough<00:13:50.811> to<00:13:50.955> actually<00:13:51.453> meet<00:13:52.015> their<00:13:52.321> ever-changing<00:13:52.979> needs.

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And<00:13:54.590> ever-shifting<00:13:55.235> demands.

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What<00:13:57.413> have<00:13:57.558> you<00:13:57.655> learned<00:13:57.897> about<00:13:58.381> the<00:13:58.784> vulnerability<00:13:59.913> of<00:14:00.075> the<00:14:00.252> food<00:14:00.736> system,<00:14:01.527> period?

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It<00:14:02.720> actually<00:14:02.962> sounds<00:14:03.204> like<00:14:03.382> it<00:14:03.462> might<00:14:03.704> be<00:14:03.865> more<00:14:04.268> vulnerable<00:14:05.945> than<00:14:06.187> people<00:14:06.526> think,<00:14:07.477> or<00:14:07.719> is<00:14:08.041> it<00:14:08.380> the<00:14:08.525> opposite?

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Is<00:14:09.266> it<00:14:09.428> really<00:14:09.621> consistent?

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And<00:14:13.888> it<00:14:13.969> just<00:14:14.147> seems<00:14:14.309> like<00:14:14.941> hearing<00:14:15.200> you<00:14:15.281> talk<00:14:15.541> about<00:14:15.703> it<00:14:15.784> seems<00:14:16.092> like,<00:14:16.902> man,<00:14:17.388> a<00:14:17.550> lot<00:14:17.793> goes<00:14:18.117> into<00:14:18.506> getting<00:14:18.911> food<00:14:19.235> into<00:14:19.414> grocery<00:14:19.803> stores.

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Well,<00:14:21.963> you<00:14:22.011> know,<00:14:22.541> think<00:14:22.718> about<00:14:23.907> that<00:14:24.148> salad.

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They<00:14:25.192> have<00:14:25.449> to—<00:14:26.236> they<00:14:26.381> go<00:14:26.541> out<00:14:26.702> into<00:14:26.879> the<00:14:26.959> fields<00:14:27.521> and<00:14:27.602> it's<00:14:27.843> very<00:14:28.020> much<00:14:28.967> in<00:14:29.112> the<00:14:29.192> fields.

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It's<00:14:29.755> still<00:14:30.012> very<00:14:30.188> much<00:14:30.799> like<00:14:31.056> the<00:14:31.152> 1930s.

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If<00:14:33.466> you<00:14:33.611> were<00:14:33.691> to<00:14:33.787> read<00:14:33.948> Steinbeck,<00:14:34.446> it<00:14:34.510> probably<00:14:35.137> wouldn't<00:14:35.635> be<00:14:35.812> much<00:14:36.278> different<00:14:36.519> today<00:14:36.840> than<00:14:37.065> then.

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It's<00:14:38.864> people<00:14:39.234> in<00:14:39.314> the<00:14:39.410> fields<00:14:40.696> with<00:14:40.921> machetes<00:14:42.126> cutting<00:14:43.090> heads<00:14:43.331> of<00:14:43.427> lettuce,<00:14:44.295> whether<00:14:44.552> it's<00:14:44.696> iceberg<00:14:45.194> lettuce<00:14:45.660> or<00:14:45.917> three-heart<00:14:46.303> romaine.

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They've<00:14:48.357> attempted<00:14:49.161> to<00:14:49.257> mechanize<00:14:49.949> it.

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They<00:14:50.287> can't.

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Because<00:14:54.050> rain—<00:14:54.774> you<00:14:54.854> get<00:14:55.031> a<00:14:55.513> machine<00:14:55.932> into<00:14:56.157> the<00:14:56.318> fields,<00:14:56.736> you're<00:14:57.090> dealing<00:14:57.365> with<00:14:57.526> dirt,<00:14:58.319> you're<00:14:58.416> dealing<00:14:58.724> with<00:14:58.902> moisture,<00:15:00.034> you're<00:15:00.212> dealing<00:15:00.584> with<00:15:00.843> mud.

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There's<00:15:02.943> just<00:15:03.184> been<00:15:03.667> very<00:15:04.472> little<00:15:04.778> success<00:15:06.469> mechanizing<00:15:08.336> lettuce<00:15:08.658> picking.

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So<00:15:10.027> you're<00:15:10.300> vulnerable<00:15:11.299> to<00:15:11.460> human<00:15:11.782> beings.

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Cutting<00:15:15.502> the<00:15:15.679> lettuce,<00:15:16.801> maintaining<00:15:17.764> hygiene.

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You're,<00:15:20.314> you're<00:15:20.714> very<00:15:21.067> subject<00:15:21.853> to<00:15:22.719> the<00:15:22.815> labor<00:15:23.136> shortages<00:15:23.938> that<00:15:24.098> are<00:15:24.259> bedeviling<00:15:24.820> the<00:15:24.980> country.

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And<00:15:26.343> you<00:15:26.504> add<00:15:26.728> on<00:15:26.905> top<00:15:27.209> of<00:15:27.290> that<00:15:27.562> immigration<00:15:28.172> policy,<00:15:29.230> because<00:15:30.417> most<00:15:30.738> of<00:15:30.770> the<00:15:30.898> folks<00:15:31.315> in<00:15:31.395> the<00:15:31.555> fields<00:15:32.662> are<00:15:33.384> from<00:15:33.560> Latin<00:15:33.817> America,<00:15:35.789> getting<00:15:36.046> those<00:15:36.286> folks<00:15:36.527> into<00:15:36.768> the<00:15:36.992> country<00:15:37.650> legally.

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As<00:15:39.734> you<00:15:40.296> know,<00:15:40.713> I'm<00:15:40.921> sure,<00:15:42.445> is<00:15:42.701> difficult<00:15:43.279> and<00:15:43.407> highly<00:15:43.744> politicized.

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So<00:15:45.251> just<00:15:45.572> even<00:15:45.813> on<00:15:46.374> the<00:15:46.438> human<00:15:47.015> level,<00:15:48.379> there's<00:15:48.715> problems.

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Then<00:15:49.998> you<00:15:50.062> have<00:15:50.303> to<00:15:50.415> ship<00:15:50.864> the<00:15:50.896> stuff,<00:15:51.907> cool<00:15:52.244> it.

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That<00:15:53.126> involves<00:15:54.328> bringing<00:15:54.713> it<00:15:54.810> down<00:15:55.210> to<00:15:55.387> near<00:15:55.676> freezing<00:15:56.093> temperatures<00:15:57.295> from,<00:15:57.536> say,<00:15:58.113> 70<00:15:58.562> degrees.

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That's<00:16:00.407> an<00:16:00.503> enormously<00:16:02.652> energy<00:16:06.115> it<00:16:06.275> demands<00:16:06.676> a<00:16:06.692> lot<00:16:06.997> of<00:16:07.141> energy<00:16:07.638> to<00:16:07.782> do<00:16:07.943> that.

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And<00:16:09.081> then<00:16:09.706> you<00:16:09.963> get<00:16:10.139> it<00:16:10.283> in,<00:16:10.828> you<00:16:11.630> actually<00:16:12.351> have<00:16:13.089> mechanized,<00:16:14.451> basically<00:16:14.932> industrial<00:16:15.477> facilities,<00:16:17.080> highly<00:16:17.738> reliant<00:16:18.283> on<00:16:18.459> machinery,<00:16:20.303> chopping<00:16:20.783> and<00:16:20.944> washing<00:16:21.425> and<00:16:21.809> washing<00:16:22.290> and<00:16:22.387> chopping<00:16:22.787> again<00:16:23.172> and<00:16:23.220> sorting,<00:16:24.455> and<00:16:24.952> then<00:16:25.432> weighing<00:16:26.138> and<00:16:26.298> dropping<00:16:26.635> into<00:16:26.875> bags<00:16:27.276> and<00:16:27.436> sealing,<00:16:28.623> and<00:16:29.584> then<00:16:30.467> packing<00:16:30.868> it<00:16:31.125> and<00:16:31.511> getting<00:16:31.832> it<00:16:31.912> across<00:16:32.250> country<00:16:33.213> and<00:16:33.374> keeping<00:16:33.695> it<00:16:33.776> alive<00:16:34.257> as<00:16:34.402> it<00:16:34.482> gets<00:16:34.675> across<00:16:35.044> country.

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So<00:16:35.607> you<00:16:35.703> need<00:16:35.944> the<00:16:36.024> packaging<00:16:37.309> to<00:16:37.630> be<00:16:38.096> absolutely<00:16:39.076> dead-on<00:16:39.622> perfect,<00:16:41.389> allowing<00:16:42.112> the<00:16:42.353> correct<00:16:42.834> amount<00:16:43.156> of<00:16:43.316> oxygen<00:16:43.878> in<00:16:44.617> and<00:16:44.778> the<00:16:44.938> correct<00:16:45.436> amount<00:16:46.063> of<00:16:46.207> CO2<00:16:46.448> out,<00:16:47.267> or<00:16:47.348> that<00:16:47.589> stuff<00:16:47.974> will<00:16:48.151> be<00:16:48.472> rotten<00:16:49.115> by<00:16:49.339> the<00:16:49.436> time<00:16:50.399> it<00:16:50.544> gets<00:16:50.737> across<00:16:51.203> the<00:16:51.347> country.

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It<00:16:51.990> has<00:16:52.231> to<00:16:52.343> then<00:16:52.632> endure<00:16:53.532> incredible<00:16:54.094> abuse<00:16:54.656> because<00:16:55.604> the<00:16:55.700> product<00:16:56.182> might<00:16:56.808> get<00:16:56.985> off<00:16:57.210> a<00:16:57.290> truck<00:16:57.611> in<00:16:57.772> New<00:16:57.852> York<00:16:58.045> City<00:16:58.752> in<00:16:58.896> the<00:16:58.992> middle<00:16:59.297> of<00:16:59.377> summer<00:16:59.954> and<00:17:00.130> sit<00:17:00.659> on<00:17:00.755> that<00:17:01.012> dock<00:17:01.396> for<00:17:02.262> 3<00:17:02.502> hours.

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So<00:17:04.138> it's<00:17:04.346> going<00:17:04.602> from<00:17:04.827> 72,<00:17:06.542> it's<00:17:06.686> going<00:17:06.927> from<00:17:07.311> 35<00:17:08.289> to<00:17:08.369> back<00:17:08.674> up<00:17:08.866> to<00:17:08.994> 72,<00:17:10.293> back<00:17:10.597> down<00:17:10.854> to<00:17:10.998> 35<00:17:12.297> because<00:17:12.617> they<00:17:12.842> actually<00:17:13.194> do<00:17:13.435> eventually<00:17:13.819> get<00:17:13.996> it<00:17:14.044> into<00:17:14.220> the<00:17:14.364> cooler.

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Then<00:17:15.246> it<00:17:15.326> has<00:17:15.663> to<00:17:15.807> ship<00:17:16.144> all<00:17:16.384> over.

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I<00:17:16.705> mean,<00:17:16.849> it's<00:17:17.330> just,<00:17:17.650> it's<00:17:18.452> the,<00:17:19.029> just<00:17:19.350> the<00:17:19.510> supply<00:17:20.231> chain<00:17:20.632> alone,<00:17:22.700> let<00:17:22.860> alone<00:17:23.181> getting<00:17:23.581> all<00:17:23.918> the<00:17:24.078> things<00:17:24.463> that<00:17:24.623> actually<00:17:24.960> go<00:17:25.200> in<00:17:26.323> the<00:17:26.627> ancillary<00:17:27.269> things<00:17:27.750> like<00:17:28.327> trucking<00:17:29.033> and<00:17:29.354> packaging<00:17:30.011> and<00:17:30.156> everything<00:17:30.974> and<00:17:31.118> coordinating<00:17:31.695> it<00:17:31.840> all.

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It<00:17:33.283> is<00:17:33.523> a<00:17:33.540> miracle<00:17:34.117> sometimes,<00:17:34.646> I<00:17:34.742> think.

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And<00:17:35.785> Americans,<00:17:36.490> as<00:17:36.827> we<00:17:37.854> are<00:17:38.255> apt,<00:17:39.072> don't<00:17:39.393> really<00:17:39.714> appreciate<00:17:40.355> how<00:17:40.820> complex<00:17:41.638> this<00:17:41.799> whole<00:17:42.601> process<00:17:43.322> is.

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So<00:17:45.006> when<00:17:45.231> you<00:17:45.423> start<00:17:45.888> talking<00:17:46.289> about,<00:17:46.754> well,<00:17:46.947> let's<00:17:47.171> eliminate<00:17:47.797> all<00:17:47.957> packaging,<00:17:49.080> the<00:17:49.160> only<00:17:49.417> thing<00:17:49.593> that<00:17:49.737> allows<00:17:50.218> us<00:17:50.459> to<00:17:50.603> have<00:17:51.100> the<00:17:51.967> sort<00:17:52.224> of<00:17:52.369> distributed<00:17:55.036> system<00:17:55.662> we<00:17:55.839> have<00:17:56.305> where<00:17:56.482> we're<00:17:56.723> growing,<00:17:57.687> where<00:17:57.863> it's<00:17:58.153> optimal<00:17:58.570> to<00:17:58.715> grow,<00:17:59.036> California,<00:18:00.097> and<00:18:00.257> shipping<00:18:00.820> where<00:18:01.045> all<00:18:01.141> the<00:18:01.270> people<00:18:01.625> are,<00:18:01.786> Chicago,<00:18:02.351> New<00:18:02.578> York,<00:18:03.789> Florida,<00:18:04.838> is<00:18:05.743> by<00:18:06.388> having<00:18:07.034> this<00:18:08.003> incredibly<00:18:08.891> sophisticated<00:18:10.495> supply<00:18:11.066> chain<00:18:12.061> that<00:18:12.387> if<00:18:12.534> you<00:18:12.697> take<00:18:13.267> any<00:18:13.528> one<00:18:13.838> piece<00:18:14.164> out<00:18:14.344> of<00:18:14.490> just<00:18:14.670> collapses.

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And<00:18:17.515> It,<00:18:18.062> it,<00:18:19.351> it<00:18:20.237> until—<00:18:21.881> so<00:18:22.284> solving<00:18:22.751> the<00:18:22.896> packaging<00:18:23.460> problem,<00:18:23.863> if<00:18:24.024> you<00:18:24.185> will,<00:18:24.378> solving<00:18:25.571> the<00:18:25.700> single-use<00:18:26.380> plastic<00:18:26.948> problem,<00:18:27.920> which<00:18:28.082> I'm<00:18:28.228> sort<00:18:28.407> of<00:18:28.488> backing<00:18:28.893> into<00:18:29.217> here<00:18:29.379> and<00:18:29.460> I<00:18:29.493> didn't<00:18:29.768> mean<00:18:29.947> to,<00:18:30.838> but<00:18:32.119> really<00:18:32.621> involves<00:18:33.594> supply<00:18:36.169> disaggregating<00:18:37.627> how<00:18:38.437> we<00:18:39.085> actually<00:18:39.733> deliver<00:18:40.397> food<00:18:40.705> to<00:18:40.802> market.

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Right<00:18:43.043> now,<00:18:44.166> I<00:18:44.247> shop<00:18:44.873> once<00:18:45.130> a<00:18:45.210> week.

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I<00:18:46.831> do<00:18:46.975> the<00:18:47.072> family<00:18:47.377> shopping.

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I<00:18:48.404> don't<00:18:48.581> do<00:18:48.725> the<00:18:48.821> list,<00:18:49.207> I<00:18:49.223> do<00:18:49.367> the<00:18:49.447> shopping.

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And<00:18:52.192> so<00:18:52.433> I'm<00:18:52.577> buying<00:18:52.914> for<00:18:53.059> 5.

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And<00:18:54.359> the<00:18:54.584> only<00:18:54.841> time<00:18:55.146> I<00:18:55.226> have<00:18:55.467> to<00:18:55.563> do<00:18:55.707> that<00:18:55.964> is<00:18:56.109> on<00:18:56.301> Sunday.

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So<00:18:58.115> I'm<00:18:58.757> out<00:18:58.998> there<00:18:59.239> on<00:18:59.399> Sunday<00:19:00.298> making<00:19:00.683> 4<00:19:00.876> stops,<00:19:01.406> bringing<00:19:01.743> everything<00:19:02.144> back<00:19:02.385> home.

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I<00:19:03.653> don't<00:19:03.797> have<00:19:03.990> time<00:19:04.391> every<00:19:04.568> night.

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I,<00:19:05.113> first<00:19:05.354> of<00:19:05.434> all,<00:19:05.739> I,<00:19:06.060> there's<00:19:06.462> no<00:19:06.638> neighborhood<00:19:07.120> market.

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I<00:19:08.805> don't<00:19:08.950> have<00:19:09.126> time<00:19:09.447> every<00:19:09.624> night<00:19:09.849> to<00:19:09.945> go<00:19:10.089> shopping.

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Anyway,<00:19:11.264> nor<00:19:11.507> do<00:19:11.588> I<00:19:11.604> have<00:19:11.814> the<00:19:11.911> energy.

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So<00:19:13.447> if<00:19:13.528> we're<00:19:13.690> really<00:19:13.932> going<00:19:14.175> to<00:19:14.256> be<00:19:14.563> operating<00:19:15.291> on<00:19:15.533> a<00:19:15.549> system<00:19:15.954> where<00:19:16.099> you<00:19:16.277> go<00:19:16.374> to<00:19:16.455> Safeway<00:19:16.924> or<00:19:17.150> Albertsons<00:19:17.716> or<00:19:17.797> Whole<00:19:17.975> Foods<00:19:18.945> once<00:19:19.204> a<00:19:19.268> week<00:19:19.592> to<00:19:19.737> do<00:19:19.899> your<00:19:19.996> shopping,<00:19:21.058> you<00:19:21.091> know,<00:19:22.279> dropping<00:19:22.621> a<00:19:22.637> lot<00:19:22.865> of<00:19:22.946> money<00:19:23.418> at<00:19:23.581> one<00:19:23.760> time,<00:19:24.232> or<00:19:24.492> Walmart<00:19:24.980> or<00:19:25.127> Sam's<00:19:25.533> dropping<00:19:25.940> even<00:19:26.119> more<00:19:27.421> because<00:19:27.730> you're<00:19:27.828> buying<00:19:28.072> more,<00:19:28.297> probably,<00:19:32.072> you're<00:19:33.952> not<00:19:34.096> going<00:19:34.257> to<00:19:34.337> be<00:19:34.498> able<00:19:34.819> to<00:19:35.687> sort<00:19:35.863> of<00:19:36.024> get<00:19:36.265> rid<00:19:36.490> of<00:19:36.667> the<00:19:36.811> whole<00:19:36.988> model<00:19:37.534> of<00:19:37.966> trucking<00:19:38.463> to<00:19:38.624> market,<00:19:40.228> needing<00:19:40.694> the<00:19:40.790> packaging,<00:19:42.218> and<00:19:43.261> operating<00:19:43.903> out<00:19:44.000> of<00:19:44.160> a<00:19:44.256> single<00:19:45.203> low-cost<00:19:45.829> location<00:19:47.049> where<00:19:47.931> the<00:19:48.493> land<00:19:49.279> and<00:19:49.375> the<00:19:49.536> people<00:19:50.643> really<00:19:50.980> exist<00:19:52.665> to<00:19:52.826> produce<00:19:53.387> the<00:19:53.548> products<00:19:54.029> we<00:19:54.174> need.

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Detroit<00:19:55.939> is<00:19:56.035> sort<00:19:56.212> of<00:19:56.340> ideal<00:19:56.741> for<00:19:56.902> cars<00:19:57.303> because<00:19:57.640> of<00:19:57.704> the<00:19:57.816> talent<00:19:58.201> that's<00:19:58.442> there.

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Salinas<00:19:59.886> is<00:20:00.111> ideal<00:20:01.218> for<00:20:01.796> agriculture<00:20:02.374> because<00:20:02.775> of<00:20:02.935> everything<00:20:03.337> that<00:20:03.497> goes<00:20:03.802> with<00:20:03.979> it,<00:20:04.139> the<00:20:04.299> weather,<00:20:04.990> the<00:20:05.102> ground,<00:20:06.048> the<00:20:06.144> people,<00:20:06.945> everything's<00:20:07.490> there.

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So<00:20:08.789> as<00:20:08.949> long<00:20:09.125> as<00:20:09.270> we're<00:20:09.350> going<00:20:09.446> to<00:20:09.510> be<00:20:09.654> a<00:20:09.686> specialized<00:20:10.456> economy<00:20:12.139> operating,<00:20:13.101> you<00:20:13.133> know,<00:20:13.357> according<00:20:13.838> to<00:20:13.983> the<00:20:14.800> principles<00:20:15.377> of<00:20:15.505> Adam<00:20:15.826> Smith,<00:20:16.563> within<00:20:16.900> a<00:20:16.964> single<00:20:17.365> country<00:20:17.846> by<00:20:18.006> region,<00:20:19.753> where<00:20:21.116> you're<00:20:21.212> going<00:20:21.373> to<00:20:21.517> produce<00:20:21.934> that<00:20:22.158> which<00:20:22.334> you're<00:20:22.655> most<00:20:23.937> capable<00:20:24.498> of<00:20:24.643> producing,<00:20:26.262> where<00:20:26.406> economies<00:20:27.079> of<00:20:27.160> scale<00:20:27.592> exist,<00:20:28.009> well,<00:20:28.185> then<00:20:28.650> we<00:20:28.763> need<00:20:29.933> the<00:20:30.013> system<00:20:30.430> we<00:20:30.590> have.

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And<00:20:32.496> Americans<00:20:33.060> sort<00:20:33.301> of<00:20:33.334> need<00:20:33.688> to<00:20:33.784> appreciate<00:20:36.586> why<00:20:36.828> we<00:20:36.924> have<00:20:37.230> what<00:20:37.472> we<00:20:37.633> have.

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And<00:20:38.518> that's<00:20:38.760> not<00:20:38.856> just<00:20:39.162> true<00:20:39.340> in<00:20:39.420> farming.

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Of<00:20:39.984> course,<00:20:40.789> that's<00:20:41.095> true<00:20:41.272> in<00:20:41.352> general.

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You<00:20:41.997> know,<00:20:42.239> we<00:20:42.465> tend<00:20:42.642> to—.

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Right.

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—Woe<00:20:43.594> is<00:20:43.771> me<00:20:44.174> and<00:20:45.061> be<00:20:45.222> at<00:20:45.319> each<00:20:45.545> other's<00:20:45.948> throats.

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But,<00:20:47.463> you<00:20:47.496> know,<00:20:47.721> we<00:20:47.866> have<00:20:48.044> it<00:20:48.189> pretty<00:20:48.447> good<00:20:48.673> here.

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And<00:20:50.431> I<00:20:50.528> think<00:20:50.770> we<00:20:50.915> need<00:20:51.156> to<00:20:51.253> appreciate<00:20:51.817> that<00:20:51.994> a<00:20:52.010> little<00:20:52.300> bit<00:20:52.446> more<00:20:52.623> often.

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I'm<00:20:54.154> not<00:20:54.395> sure<00:20:54.782> that<00:20:55.104> another<00:20:55.523> system<00:20:56.168> would<00:20:56.393> work.

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In<00:20:57.721> the<00:20:57.818> way<00:20:57.980> it<00:20:58.077> sounds,<00:20:58.626> like<00:20:58.934> every,<00:21:00.226> every<00:21:00.566> single<00:21:00.970> operator<00:21:01.519> in<00:21:01.616> the<00:21:01.697> system<00:21:02.101> has<00:21:02.505> their<00:21:02.732> own—<00:21:02.958> has<00:21:03.136> to<00:21:03.216> have<00:21:03.394> their<00:21:03.556> own<00:21:03.960> single<00:21:04.299> motivation<00:21:04.994> in<00:21:05.075> order<00:21:05.334> to<00:21:05.657> not<00:21:05.819> break<00:21:06.061> it<00:21:06.110> down.

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That's<00:21:07.176> right.

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I<00:21:07.936> mean,<00:21:08.162> I,<00:21:08.389> I<00:21:08.567> don't,<00:21:09.035> I<00:21:09.068> don't<00:21:09.294> know<00:21:09.520> how<00:21:10.248> we<00:21:10.345> talk<00:21:10.587> about,<00:21:11.218> well,<00:21:11.476> we<00:21:11.622> can<00:21:11.719> start<00:21:11.961> growing<00:21:12.349> locally<00:21:12.996> or<00:21:13.157> hydroponically,<00:21:14.856> or—<00:21:14.937> but<00:21:15.017> the<00:21:15.098> scale<00:21:16.065> of<00:21:16.210> all<00:21:16.307> of<00:21:16.468> this,<00:21:16.710> right?

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Yeah,<00:21:19.612> even<00:21:20.079> just,<00:21:20.901> okay,<00:21:21.143> let's<00:21:21.449> replace<00:21:21.868> plastic<00:21:22.497> with<00:21:22.594> something<00:21:23.158> that's<00:21:26.430> compostable.

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Scaling<00:21:28.555> to<00:21:28.861> produce<00:21:29.441> compostable<00:21:30.085> packaging<00:21:31.937> is<00:21:32.163> almost<00:21:32.436> impossible<00:21:33.370> when<00:21:33.467> you<00:21:33.628> think<00:21:33.854> of<00:21:34.031> the<00:21:34.256> billions<00:21:34.755> of<00:21:34.836> pounds<00:21:35.948> used<00:21:36.352> per<00:21:36.675> year<00:21:39.018> to<00:21:39.680> package<00:21:40.327> product,<00:21:41.538> to<00:21:41.684> get<00:21:41.845> it<00:21:41.942> to<00:21:42.039> market,<00:21:42.734> to<00:21:42.831> keep<00:21:43.073> it<00:21:43.154> shelf<00:21:43.412> stable.

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It's<00:21:45.665> just<00:21:46.775> the<00:21:46.807> scale<00:21:48.078> required<00:21:49.284> to<00:21:49.429> do<00:21:49.751> any<00:21:49.928> of<00:21:50.105> these<00:21:50.410> things<00:21:51.038> is<00:21:51.440> just<00:21:51.842> huge.

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And<00:21:53.720> unless<00:21:54.461> you<00:21:54.929> understand<00:21:55.816> that<00:21:56.542> and<00:21:56.687> the<00:21:56.784> amount<00:21:57.042> of<00:21:57.187> investment<00:21:57.832> that<00:21:58.314> goes<00:21:58.796> into<00:22:02.412> being<00:22:02.974> an<00:22:03.119> important<00:22:03.681> part<00:22:03.938> of<00:22:04.099> the<00:22:04.244> wheel<00:22:05.288> and<00:22:06.269> holding<00:22:06.654> up<00:22:06.831> your<00:22:06.992> end<00:22:07.169> of<00:22:07.298> it,<00:22:09.396> it's<00:22:09.799> just,<00:22:10.316> it's<00:22:10.525> just<00:22:10.703> not<00:22:11.026> something<00:22:12.704> easily<00:22:13.204> replaced.

00:22:14.237 --> 00:22:21.118
You<00:22:14.333> would<00:22:14.495> probably<00:22:14.882> have<00:22:15.060> to<00:22:15.205> have<00:22:15.544> a<00:22:15.624> command<00:22:16.028> economy<00:22:16.512> doing<00:22:16.838> it,<00:22:17.879> an<00:22:18.872> industrial<00:22:19.507> policy<00:22:20.158> dedicated<00:22:20.809> to<00:22:21.053> it.

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That<00:22:22.596> would<00:22:23.077> take<00:22:23.863> 10,<00:22:24.200> 20,<00:22:24.842> 30<00:22:25.163> years<00:22:26.287> to<00:22:26.929> make<00:22:27.410> any<00:22:27.731> dent<00:22:28.116> in<00:22:28.277> the<00:22:28.373> current<00:22:28.678> system.

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And<00:22:31.743> so<00:22:32.867> what<00:22:33.027> we<00:22:33.188> need<00:22:33.413> to<00:22:33.493> do<00:22:33.653> is<00:22:33.750> try<00:22:33.910> and<00:22:34.472> figure<00:22:34.713> out<00:22:34.873> how<00:22:34.953> to<00:22:35.098> make<00:22:35.274> the<00:22:35.515> current<00:22:35.820> system<00:22:36.221> work<00:22:37.425> and<00:22:38.227> work<00:22:38.404> better,<00:22:39.672> more<00:22:39.912> efficiently,<00:22:41.517> demanding<00:22:41.999> less<00:22:42.320> energy,<00:22:43.925> maybe<00:22:44.406> a<00:22:45.209> little<00:22:45.449> less<00:22:45.690> packaging,<00:22:48.058> less<00:22:48.300> greenhouse<00:22:48.799> gas.

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But<00:22:50.731> we<00:22:51.053> need<00:22:51.295> to<00:22:51.375> figure<00:22:51.681> out<00:22:51.842> how<00:22:51.939> to<00:22:52.100> optimize<00:22:52.647> the<00:22:52.680> system<00:22:53.130> we<00:22:53.292> have.

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If<00:22:55.256> we<00:22:55.353> try<00:22:55.594> to<00:22:55.674> reinvent<00:22:56.157> it,<00:22:56.398> then,<00:22:58.248> you<00:22:58.731> know,<00:22:59.133> you<00:22:59.616> might<00:22:59.680> as<00:22:59.922> well<00:23:00.002> just<00:23:00.243> throw<00:23:00.420> in<00:23:00.485> the<00:23:00.581> towel<00:23:00.903> right<00:23:01.144> now.

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I<00:23:02.029> can't<00:23:02.255> imagine<00:23:02.673> the<00:23:02.818> chaos<00:23:03.236> that<00:23:03.397> would<00:23:03.542> take<00:23:03.719> place.

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Oh,<00:23:05.367> yeah.

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I'm—<00:23:07.007> I<00:23:07.169> think<00:23:07.332> you're<00:23:07.738> absolutely<00:23:08.241> right.

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I<00:23:09.443> wonder,<00:23:09.849> hearing<00:23:10.190> all<00:23:10.434> this,<00:23:11.002> what<00:23:11.229> does<00:23:11.408> a<00:23:11.554> typical<00:23:12.041> day<00:23:12.285> look<00:23:12.528> like<00:23:12.772> for<00:23:12.870> you?

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You<00:23:16.777> know,<00:23:16.937> we<00:23:17.098> were<00:23:17.243> just<00:23:17.580> talking<00:23:18.046> about<00:23:18.368> that.

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I<00:23:20.617> check<00:23:20.939> in<00:23:21.838> with<00:23:22.401> my<00:23:22.803> business<00:23:23.204> partner<00:23:23.767> every<00:23:24.104> Sunday<00:23:24.795> and<00:23:24.972> I<00:23:25.357> ask<00:23:25.759> her,<00:23:25.952> so<00:23:26.820> what's<00:23:27.045> on<00:23:27.286> for<00:23:27.366> your<00:23:27.623> weekend?

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Yeah,<00:23:28.973> I<00:23:29.134> think<00:23:29.455> every<00:23:29.953> third<00:23:30.258> Sunday<00:23:30.676> she<00:23:30.853> says,<00:23:32.428> I<00:23:32.829> don't<00:23:34.035> know.

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I<00:23:35.433> know<00:23:35.658> I<00:23:35.738> have<00:23:35.979> this,<00:23:36.156> that,<00:23:36.381> and<00:23:36.461> this,<00:23:37.409> you<00:23:37.441> know,<00:23:37.907> but<00:23:38.920> You<00:23:39.440> know,<00:23:40.318> I<00:23:40.480> think<00:23:41.537> just<00:23:41.797> dealing<00:23:42.188> with<00:23:42.366> people,<00:23:44.236> there's<00:23:44.773> a<00:23:44.805> certain<00:23:45.212> unpredictability,<00:23:48.454> not<00:23:48.849> unpredictability<00:23:49.672> just<00:23:49.919> not<00:23:50.068> to<00:23:50.167> them,<00:23:50.414> but<00:23:50.562> to<00:23:50.661> ourselves.

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So<00:23:53.966> you<00:23:54.305> try<00:23:54.547> to<00:23:54.773> control<00:23:55.515> what<00:23:55.676> you<00:23:55.838> can,<00:23:56.886> but<00:23:58.725> it's<00:23:59.387> very<00:23:59.774> hard<00:24:00.338> to,<00:24:01.468> you<00:24:01.564> know,<00:24:02.210> let<00:24:02.371> me<00:24:02.420> give<00:24:02.616> you<00:24:02.763> an<00:24:02.845> example.

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About<00:24:05.055> 2<00:24:05.252> months<00:24:05.628> ago,<00:24:06.732> So<00:24:07.053> there's<00:24:07.277> a<00:24:07.293> fentanyl<00:24:07.758> crisis<00:24:08.174> in<00:24:08.255> this<00:24:08.415> country,<00:24:08.799> right?

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So<00:24:10.738> a<00:24:10.818> couple<00:24:11.219> of<00:24:12.581> employees<00:24:13.158> decided<00:24:13.703> at<00:24:13.863> night<00:24:14.264> it<00:24:14.344> would<00:24:14.504> be<00:24:15.369> one<00:24:15.546> way<00:24:15.706> to<00:24:15.786> stay<00:24:16.106> awake<00:24:16.507> would<00:24:16.667> be<00:24:16.827> to<00:24:17.052> use<00:24:18.093> at<00:24:18.174> their<00:24:18.286> machine<00:24:19.231> would<00:24:19.391> be<00:24:19.696> to<00:24:20.353> use<00:24:20.593> cocaine,<00:24:22.019> which<00:24:22.837> we<00:24:22.981> have<00:24:23.157> video<00:24:23.942> system<00:24:24.503> all<00:24:24.920> over<00:24:25.256> the<00:24:25.400> outside<00:24:25.785> of<00:24:25.865> the<00:24:25.945> factory.

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They<00:24:27.163> decide<00:24:27.500> to<00:24:27.644> go<00:24:27.804> out<00:24:28.509> and<00:24:28.685> buy<00:24:29.006> it<00:24:29.310> at<00:24:29.503> around<00:24:29.887> midnight.

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They<00:24:31.233> overdosed<00:24:31.730> in<00:24:31.810> the<00:24:31.890> factory.

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We<00:24:34.481> ended<00:24:34.806> up<00:24:35.293> having<00:24:35.796> police<00:24:36.754> galore<00:24:37.176> down<00:24:37.485> here<00:24:37.647> at<00:24:37.745> 2:00<00:24:38.232> in<00:24:38.297> the<00:24:38.394> morning.

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The<00:24:40.535> two<00:24:41.407> guys<00:24:41.810> recovered,<00:24:44.069> but<00:24:46.328> it<00:24:46.506> turned<00:24:46.893> out<00:24:48.362> the<00:24:48.507> guy<00:24:48.926> dealing<00:24:49.410> the<00:24:49.540> drugs<00:24:49.973> was<00:24:50.520> a<00:24:51.259> former<00:24:51.580> employee.

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So<00:24:54.232> suddenly<00:24:54.939> you<00:24:55.823> end<00:24:56.145> up<00:24:56.321> in<00:24:56.482> this<00:24:56.707> world<00:24:57.045> where,<00:24:57.430> you<00:24:57.462> know,<00:24:57.591> you're<00:24:57.736> hosting<00:24:58.073> the<00:24:58.170> police.

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Everybody's<00:24:59.638> wondering<00:24:59.961> what's<00:25:00.188> going<00:25:00.511> on.

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You<00:25:01.412> know,<00:25:01.432> they're<00:25:01.658> holding<00:25:02.062> plant<00:25:02.369> meetings<00:25:02.870> about<00:25:03.743> drug<00:25:04.001> use<00:25:04.389> in<00:25:04.422> the<00:25:04.551> facility<00:25:05.133> and<00:25:05.213> reminding<00:25:05.779> everybody<00:25:06.264> to<00:25:06.668> do<00:25:06.829> drug<00:25:07.072> testing.

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People,<00:25:10.518> you<00:25:10.615> just<00:25:10.921> don't<00:25:11.259> know.

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I<00:25:11.742> mean,<00:25:11.968> I<00:25:12.064> didn't<00:25:12.290> expect<00:25:13.594> COVID<00:25:13.997> to<00:25:14.077> dominate<00:25:14.496> my<00:25:14.706> life<00:25:15.108> the<00:25:15.205> way<00:25:15.446> it<00:25:15.527> did<00:25:16.414> for<00:25:17.208> a<00:25:17.370> year<00:25:17.856> either.

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I<00:25:18.682> mean,<00:25:18.990> on<00:25:19.573> March<00:25:20.043> 15th,<00:25:21.275> 2020,<00:25:22.733> we<00:25:22.895> sent<00:25:23.138> everybody<00:25:23.608> home<00:25:23.867> and<00:25:24.013> I<00:25:24.029> thought,<00:25:24.907> in<00:25:25.228> the<00:25:25.309> office.

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The<00:25:25.951> factory<00:25:26.353> kept<00:25:26.529> running<00:25:26.931> through,<00:25:28.039> through<00:25:28.441> the,<00:25:28.939> the<00:25:29.099> entire<00:25:29.565> period.

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And<00:25:32.071> I<00:25:32.135> expected<00:25:32.553> them<00:25:32.714> to<00:25:32.874> be<00:25:33.035> back<00:25:33.292> in<00:25:33.420> 3<00:25:33.597> weeks<00:25:34.705> and<00:25:35.043> they<00:25:35.203> weren't<00:25:35.460> back<00:25:35.685> for<00:25:35.862> a<00:25:35.990> year<00:25:36.167> and<00:25:36.312> a<00:25:36.328> half.

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And<00:25:38.576> we<00:25:38.801> then<00:25:39.058> spent<00:25:39.862> a<00:25:40.086> year<00:25:40.343> sweating,<00:25:41.709> you<00:25:41.789> know,<00:25:42.014> keeping<00:25:42.415> people<00:25:42.769> safe<00:25:43.299> in<00:25:43.379> the<00:25:43.476> factory.

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We<00:25:43.990> didn't<00:25:44.279> want<00:25:44.504> an<00:25:44.600> outbreak.

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We<00:25:45.596> didn't<00:25:45.805> want<00:25:46.030> people<00:25:46.238> to<00:25:46.351> come<00:25:46.768> to<00:25:46.913> work<00:25:47.266> and<00:25:47.395> get<00:25:47.572> sick.

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And<00:25:48.616> at<00:25:48.696> the<00:25:48.841> time<00:25:49.403> you<00:25:49.499> thought<00:25:50.222> you<00:25:50.302> know,<00:25:50.623> there<00:25:50.944> was<00:25:51.249> a<00:25:51.489> high<00:25:51.986> chance<00:25:52.307> of<00:25:52.404> sickness<00:25:52.853> and<00:25:52.949> a<00:25:52.965> high<00:25:53.174> chance<00:25:53.430> of<00:25:53.575> death<00:25:54.393> or<00:25:54.553> a<00:25:55.035> possibility<00:25:55.757> of<00:25:55.917> it.

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So<00:25:57.104> I<00:25:57.200> think<00:25:57.441> that<00:25:57.682> was,<00:25:58.067> you<00:25:58.163> know,<00:25:58.388> a<00:25:58.548> year<00:25:58.869> of<00:25:59.767> complete<00:26:00.473> agony.

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We<00:26:01.115> had<00:26:01.516> 300<00:26:02.238> shift<00:26:02.559> meetings<00:26:04.404> in<00:26:04.564> the<00:26:04.724> course<00:26:04.997> of<00:26:05.125> about<00:26:05.543> 500<00:26:06.008> days<00:26:07.548> to<00:26:07.628> go<00:26:07.708> over<00:26:08.093> protocols,<00:26:08.751> to<00:26:08.831> remind<00:26:09.313> people,<00:26:10.676> to<00:26:10.837> make<00:26:11.061> announcements,<00:26:12.264> to<00:26:12.762> reassure<00:26:13.323> people,<00:26:14.045> to<00:26:14.190> try<00:26:14.350> and<00:26:14.751> get<00:26:14.928> people<00:26:15.184> to<00:26:15.264> get<00:26:15.473> vaccinated.

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You<00:26:16.630> know,<00:26:18.392> the<00:26:18.472> whole<00:26:18.780> fight<00:26:19.022> about<00:26:19.281> getting<00:26:19.604> them<00:26:19.830> vaccinated<00:26:20.412> and<00:26:20.558> whether<00:26:20.816> to<00:26:20.897> require<00:26:21.528> it<00:26:22.756> and<00:26:22.983> whatnot.

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It,<00:26:25.246> it<00:26:25.343> just<00:26:25.585> seems<00:26:26.054> like<00:26:26.232> the<00:26:26.328> last<00:26:26.795> 3<00:26:27.116> to<00:26:27.261> 4<00:26:27.583> years,<00:26:28.724> you<00:26:28.789> know,<00:26:28.966> bracketed<00:26:29.528> by,<00:26:30.718> you<00:26:30.751> know,<00:26:31.201> a<00:26:31.362> national<00:26:31.860> crisis<00:26:32.407> on<00:26:32.504> drugs<00:26:32.970> and<00:26:33.131> a<00:26:33.629> national<00:26:34.176> pandemic,<00:26:35.222> international<00:26:35.720> pandemic.

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The<00:26:37.876> last<00:26:38.133> 3<00:26:38.358> years<00:26:38.600> have<00:26:38.696> been<00:26:38.921> more<00:26:38.986> or<00:26:39.098> less<00:26:39.356> defined<00:26:39.903> by<00:26:40.627> how<00:26:40.787> do<00:26:40.868> you<00:26:41.029> manage<00:26:41.950> those<00:26:42.366> things<00:26:42.863> that<00:26:43.039> are<00:26:43.167> outside<00:26:43.808> your<00:26:43.905> control.

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How<00:26:44.946> do<00:26:45.010> you<00:26:45.106> respond<00:26:45.571> to<00:26:45.667> them?

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And<00:26:46.949> how<00:26:47.190> you<00:26:47.270> respond<00:26:47.831> to<00:26:47.911> them,<00:26:48.776> I<00:26:48.872> think,<00:26:49.257> really<00:26:49.914> determines<00:26:50.459> on<00:26:51.436> whether<00:26:51.741> you're<00:26:51.901> going<00:26:52.061> to<00:26:52.157> be<00:26:52.382> a<00:26:52.414> success.

00:26:53.503 --> 00:26:55.955
So<00:26:54.080> we<00:26:54.224> can't<00:26:54.545> shape<00:26:54.817> a<00:26:54.945> pandemic,<00:26:55.747> right?

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We<00:26:56.628> can<00:26:56.724> respond<00:26:57.429> to<00:26:57.622> it.

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And<00:26:59.769> we<00:27:00.153> managed<00:27:00.875> to<00:27:01.532> continue<00:27:02.076> to<00:27:02.173> produce<00:27:03.374> through<00:27:03.679> the<00:27:03.775> entire<00:27:04.336> period,<00:27:04.737> including<00:27:05.137> through<00:27:05.361> inflation<00:27:06.018> and<00:27:06.179> shortages<00:27:06.900> and<00:27:06.980> whatnot.

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Because<00:27:08.504> we<00:27:08.600> have<00:27:08.761> a<00:27:08.825> great<00:27:09.147> team<00:27:09.469> on<00:27:10.513> the<00:27:10.658> operations<00:27:11.237> side<00:27:12.845> with<00:27:13.070> great<00:27:13.327> relationships<00:27:14.115> with<00:27:14.211> suppliers<00:27:15.561> who<00:27:15.899> knows<00:27:16.237> how<00:27:16.494> to<00:27:16.848> use,<00:27:17.734> also<00:27:19.344> redeploy<00:27:21.759> different<00:27:22.081> kinds<00:27:22.403> of<00:27:22.483> plastic<00:27:23.626> to<00:27:24.254> meet<00:27:24.496> demand<00:27:25.075> when<00:27:25.236> we<00:27:25.397> can't<00:27:25.703> get<00:27:26.187> other<00:27:26.366> kinds<00:27:26.626> of<00:27:26.756> plastic.

00:27:28.399 --> 00:27:45.519
We<00:27:28.497> knew<00:27:28.708> how<00:27:28.806> to<00:27:28.952> talk<00:27:29.212> to<00:27:29.359> the<00:27:29.456> employees<00:27:30.026> to<00:27:30.172> keep<00:27:30.351> them<00:27:30.514> calm,<00:27:31.392> keep<00:27:31.571> them<00:27:31.733> coming<00:27:32.043> to<00:27:32.205> work,<00:27:33.783> We<00:27:34.025> kept<00:27:37.161> attendance<00:27:37.889> high,<00:27:38.778> which<00:27:38.956> really<00:27:39.133> mattered<00:27:39.667> because<00:27:40.556> in<00:27:40.718> March<00:27:41.073> 2020,<00:27:42.172> our<00:27:42.366> sales<00:27:42.900> were<00:27:43.062> flat<00:27:43.385> for<00:27:43.450> the<00:27:43.547> month<00:27:44.598> through<00:27:44.775> the<00:27:44.921> 15th.

00:27:45.584 --> 00:27:48.349
By<00:27:45.746> the<00:27:45.972> end<00:27:46.069> of<00:27:46.150> the<00:27:46.231> month,<00:27:46.538> sales<00:27:46.942> were<00:27:47.104> up<00:27:47.508> 200%.

00:27:49.707 --> 00:27:54.423
So<00:27:50.014> if<00:27:50.176> we<00:27:50.225> didn't<00:27:50.483> have<00:27:50.596> people<00:27:50.839> at<00:27:51.001> work,<00:27:51.793> we<00:27:52.035> would<00:27:52.149> have<00:27:52.294> been<00:27:52.521> out<00:27:52.682> of<00:27:52.763> business<00:27:52.990> simply<00:27:53.352> because<00:27:53.665> we<00:27:53.764> couldn't<00:27:53.929> deliver.

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So,<00:27:57.902> you<00:27:57.936> know,<00:27:58.251> there's<00:27:59.232> I<00:27:59.313> know<00:27:59.637> there's<00:27:59.880> things<00:28:00.187> I'm<00:28:00.349> good<00:28:00.528> at.

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I'm<00:28:01.985> good<00:28:02.147> at<00:28:02.228> dealing<00:28:02.617> with<00:28:02.714> crises.

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I'm<00:28:03.524> good<00:28:03.702> at<00:28:03.848> dealing<00:28:04.172> with<00:28:04.253> strategy<00:28:04.982> and<00:28:05.079> I'm<00:28:05.289> decent<00:28:05.629> at<00:28:05.775> finance.

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I'm<00:28:07.087> really<00:28:07.395> bad<00:28:07.654> at<00:28:07.751> sales.

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I'm<00:28:09.706> not<00:28:09.977> the<00:28:10.011> guy.

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I'm<00:28:13.145> not<00:28:13.389> the<00:28:13.470> guy.

00:28:14.038 --> 00:28:22.294
I<00:28:14.265> get<00:28:14.427> myself<00:28:14.768> in<00:28:14.849> trouble<00:28:15.255> too<00:28:15.482> often,<00:28:15.741> I<00:28:15.823> think,<00:28:15.985> with<00:28:16.147> customers<00:28:16.634> by<00:28:16.796> being<00:28:17.023> direct<00:28:17.867> or<00:28:18.078> overly<00:28:18.500> direct,<00:28:20.520> maybe<00:28:20.799> perhaps<00:28:21.210> being<00:28:21.391> a<00:28:21.440> little<00:28:21.621> bit<00:28:21.851> too<00:28:22.032> blunt.

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And<00:28:26.550> which<00:28:26.793> some<00:28:26.971> appreciate,<00:28:27.456> some<00:28:27.682> don't.

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But<00:28:29.138> in<00:28:29.284> general,<00:28:29.705> I<00:28:29.866> think<00:28:30.044> it's<00:28:30.255> that<00:28:30.530> ability<00:28:31.630> to<00:28:31.889> dance<00:28:33.652> and<00:28:33.960> be,<00:28:34.942> be<00:28:35.441> willing<00:28:36.793> to<00:28:36.970> not<00:28:37.388> get<00:28:37.759> overly<00:28:38.097> frustrated<00:28:39.304> any<00:28:39.546> given<00:28:39.948> day<00:28:40.351> that<00:28:40.592> what<00:28:40.817> you<00:28:40.914> were<00:28:41.139> hoping<00:28:41.477> to<00:28:41.574> do<00:28:41.864> is<00:28:42.041> not<00:28:42.443> what<00:28:42.604> you<00:28:42.749> ended<00:28:43.023> up<00:28:43.184> doing.

00:28:45.181 --> 00:28:49.744
I<00:28:45.587> think<00:28:46.009> that<00:28:46.967> is<00:28:47.373> what<00:28:47.876> defines<00:28:48.607> any<00:28:49.159> given<00:28:49.647> day.

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When<00:28:52.018> the<00:28:52.099> kids<00:28:52.570> ask,<00:28:53.262> 'What<00:28:53.327> are<00:28:53.407> you<00:28:53.487> going<00:28:53.599> to<00:28:53.664> do<00:28:53.888> today?'<00:28:54.290> and<00:28:54.386> then<00:28:54.691> ask,<00:28:54.948> 'What<00:28:55.108> happened<00:28:55.429> today?'<00:28:56.328> It's<00:28:56.537> usually<00:28:57.756> two<00:28:57.917> different<00:28:58.142> answers.

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Yeah,<00:28:59.217> two<00:28:59.506> unrelated<00:29:00.084> things.

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And,<00:29:01.608> uh,<00:29:01.929> I've<00:29:02.090> gotten<00:29:02.395> used<00:29:02.571> to<00:29:02.716> that,<00:29:03.294> uh,<00:29:04.176> although<00:29:04.417> I,<00:29:04.658> I<00:29:04.802> used<00:29:04.915> to<00:29:04.947> have<00:29:05.139> completely<00:29:05.701> black<00:29:06.006> hair,<00:29:06.889> you<00:29:06.921> know,<00:29:07.547> up<00:29:08.109> until<00:29:09.778> about<00:29:10.195> 5<00:29:10.500> years<00:29:10.773> ago.

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That's<00:29:12.843> awesome.

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What<00:29:14.143> about<00:29:14.593> artificial<00:29:15.090> intelligence?

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How<00:29:16.053> are<00:29:16.198> you<00:29:16.294> thinking<00:29:16.679> about<00:29:17.000> that?

00:29:17.321 --> 00:29:25.993
That's<00:29:17.498> an<00:29:17.594> interesting<00:29:18.670> 'Cause<00:29:18.847> that<00:29:19.009> is<00:29:19.171> like<00:29:19.526> the<00:29:19.672> topic<00:29:20.141> of<00:29:20.496> most,<00:29:21.774> you<00:29:21.854> know,<00:29:22.097> tech<00:29:22.404> companies<00:29:23.390> or<00:29:24.263> banks<00:29:24.926> or<00:29:25.072> like<00:29:25.346> finance.

00:29:26.058 --> 00:29:28.643
I<00:29:26.122> mean,<00:29:26.284> just<00:29:26.526> kind<00:29:26.688> of<00:29:26.721> name<00:29:26.963> it,<00:29:27.028> it's<00:29:27.189> gonna<00:29:27.351> affect<00:29:27.755> every<00:29:27.982> industry<00:29:28.305> in<00:29:28.370> some<00:29:28.482> way.

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I<00:29:29.191> wonder<00:29:29.512> how<00:29:30.237> you<00:29:30.317> are<00:29:30.478> thinking<00:29:30.816> about<00:29:31.138> it<00:29:31.203> in<00:29:31.283> the<00:29:31.364> packaging<00:29:31.782> business<00:29:32.507> and<00:29:32.603> if<00:29:32.732> you<00:29:32.813> have<00:29:32.925> any<00:29:33.070> insight<00:29:33.473> on<00:29:33.698> maybe<00:29:33.956> how<00:29:34.680> farmers<00:29:35.147> are<00:29:35.308> thinking<00:29:35.581> about<00:29:35.807> it<00:29:35.952> even.

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I,<00:29:38.347> you<00:29:38.444> know,<00:29:40.390> so<00:29:40.599> we're<00:29:40.840> printers<00:29:42.047> and<00:29:43.832> partly<00:29:44.154> what<00:29:44.331> we<00:29:44.475> do<00:29:44.636> is<00:29:44.781> print<00:29:45.022> on<00:29:45.183> packaging.

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And<00:29:46.487> so<00:29:47.115> one<00:29:47.357> of<00:29:47.518> our<00:29:47.679> big<00:29:47.856> problems<00:29:48.501> is<00:29:48.887> these<00:29:49.145> big<00:29:49.387> sophisticated<00:29:50.756> machines<00:29:51.401> that<00:29:51.546> cost,<00:29:52.609> you<00:29:52.674> know,<00:29:52.916> $4<00:29:52.996> or<00:29:53.173> $5<00:29:53.415> million<00:29:55.350> break<00:29:55.593> down,<00:29:56.706> especially<00:29:57.433> they<00:29:57.594> break<00:29:57.772> down<00:29:58.014> when<00:29:58.159> you're<00:29:58.256> running<00:29:58.498> them<00:29:58.740> 7<00:29:59.079> days<00:29:59.370> a<00:29:59.451> week,<00:30:00.447> 24<00:30:00.690> hours<00:30:00.966> a<00:30:01.095> day,<00:30:01.420> 362.5<00:30:02.749> days<00:30:03.057> a<00:30:03.122> year.

00:30:03.933 --> 00:30:08.199
They<00:30:04.111> just—<00:30:04.759> you're<00:30:04.986> keeping<00:30:05.294> them<00:30:05.473> going,<00:30:05.797> going,<00:30:06.056> going,<00:30:06.381> going<00:30:06.786> because<00:30:07.256> demand<00:30:07.661> is<00:30:07.824> always<00:30:08.068> there.

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We've<00:30:10.443> always<00:30:10.951> wanted<00:30:11.590> predictive<00:30:12.103> maintenance.

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We've<00:30:13.451> always<00:30:13.868> wanted<00:30:15.312> some—<00:30:17.077> we've<00:30:17.301> always<00:30:17.638> wanted<00:30:17.959> some<00:30:18.665> way<00:30:19.002> to<00:30:19.082> get<00:30:19.307> a<00:30:19.403> read<00:30:20.029> on<00:30:20.366> the<00:30:20.510> readouts<00:30:21.087> of<00:30:21.312> motors<00:30:22.467> or<00:30:22.676> drives<00:30:24.120> or<00:30:25.002> that<00:30:25.644> end<00:30:25.885> up<00:30:26.222> failing,<00:30:26.703> it<00:30:26.799> seems,<00:30:27.746> at<00:30:27.890> the<00:30:28.051> worst<00:30:28.323> possible<00:30:28.805> moment.

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And<00:30:30.313> I<00:30:30.457> think<00:30:30.634> what<00:30:30.874> we're<00:30:31.099> going<00:30:31.340> to<00:30:31.436> see<00:30:32.960> in<00:30:33.104> the<00:30:33.136> next<00:30:33.441> couple<00:30:33.682> of<00:30:33.826> years<00:30:34.163> on<00:30:34.308> our<00:30:34.404> equipment<00:30:35.431> is<00:30:35.607> just<00:30:35.928> that.

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Intelligent<00:30:38.700> machines<00:30:39.280> that<00:30:39.441> can<00:30:39.667> tell<00:30:40.150> you<00:30:41.133> when<00:30:41.295> they're<00:30:41.536> about<00:30:41.794> to<00:30:41.923> break<00:30:42.181> down,<00:30:42.648> as<00:30:42.761> opposed<00:30:43.228> to<00:30:43.454> breaking<00:30:43.792> down<00:30:44.662> and<00:30:44.759> telling<00:30:45.146> you<00:30:45.323> by<00:30:45.484> breaking<00:30:45.887> down.

00:30:47.606 --> 00:30:54.958
So<00:30:48.790> that<00:30:49.683> would<00:30:49.927> be<00:30:50.397> enormous<00:30:51.047> for<00:30:51.225> us<00:30:51.452> because<00:30:52.280> a<00:30:52.345> breakdown—<00:30:53.173> our<00:30:53.660> machines<00:30:54.050> all<00:30:54.228> come<00:30:54.390> from<00:30:54.553> Germany.

00:30:56.180 --> 00:31:01.514
Our<00:30:56.276> parts<00:30:56.681> are—<00:30:56.858> the<00:30:56.939> parts<00:30:57.198> are<00:30:57.279> either<00:30:58.152> in<00:30:58.313> a<00:30:58.394> warehouse<00:30:58.798> in<00:30:58.879> Rhode<00:30:59.106> Island,<00:30:59.914> but<00:31:00.076> they<00:31:00.480> are<00:31:00.577> mainly<00:31:00.981> in<00:31:01.062> Germany.

00:31:02.355 --> 00:31:05.415
Sometimes<00:31:03.244> they<00:31:03.406> can<00:31:03.632> take<00:31:04.757> a<00:31:04.854> day<00:31:05.014> to<00:31:05.174> get<00:31:05.319> here.

00:31:05.495 --> 00:31:07.341
Sometimes<00:31:06.041> they<00:31:06.137> can<00:31:06.298> take<00:31:06.458> a<00:31:06.539> week<00:31:06.779> to<00:31:06.859> get<00:31:07.084> here.

00:31:08.224 --> 00:31:14.322
We've<00:31:08.512> had<00:31:08.641> machines<00:31:09.652> go<00:31:09.812> down<00:31:10.133> for<00:31:10.294> a<00:31:10.310> month<00:31:11.337> and<00:31:12.300> we<00:31:12.412> simply<00:31:13.279> can't<00:31:13.583> afford<00:31:14.065> that.

00:31:14.899 --> 00:31:39.617
So<00:31:15.509> if<00:31:15.686> we're<00:31:16.071> able<00:31:16.488> to<00:31:17.611> know<00:31:18.735> that<00:31:19.457> we<00:31:19.682> have<00:31:20.324> hours<00:31:21.383> or<00:31:21.543> days<00:31:22.506> before<00:31:23.148> a<00:31:23.212> part<00:31:23.549> fails<00:31:24.656> and<00:31:24.897> can<00:31:25.074> get<00:31:25.234> it<00:31:25.459> ordered<00:31:25.876> in<00:31:25.956> advance,<00:31:26.518> shut<00:31:26.823> down,<00:31:27.786> do<00:31:28.043> the<00:31:28.123> maintenance,<00:31:29.647> get<00:31:29.824> it<00:31:29.952> back<00:31:30.193> up<00:31:30.305> and<00:31:30.450> going,<00:31:32.055> Having<00:31:32.440> that<00:31:32.697> kind<00:31:33.083> of<00:31:33.966> sort<00:31:34.158> of<00:31:34.303> intelligent<00:31:35.025> manufacturing<00:31:37.113> would<00:31:37.498> just<00:31:37.755> be<00:31:38.140> absolutely<00:31:39.039> huge.

00:31:41.030 --> 00:31:50.455
Ultimately,<00:31:41.672> I<00:31:41.705> think<00:31:42.074> where<00:31:42.636> it<00:31:42.812> goes<00:31:43.455> for<00:31:43.695> us,<00:31:44.643> particularly<00:31:45.381> on<00:31:45.542> the<00:31:45.622> bag<00:31:46.008> making<00:31:46.280> side,<00:31:46.666> which<00:31:46.826> is<00:31:46.907> highly<00:31:47.228> labor<00:31:47.549> intensive,<00:31:48.833> will<00:31:48.994> be<00:31:49.299> adaptable<00:31:49.957> robots.

00:31:50.519 --> 00:32:00.989
Right<00:31:50.696> now,<00:31:50.921> robots<00:31:51.386> really<00:31:51.563> don't<00:31:51.804> work<00:31:52.061> in<00:31:52.141> our<00:31:52.269> business<00:31:53.168> because<00:31:53.650> we<00:31:53.795> have<00:31:54.132> lots<00:31:54.453> of<00:31:54.517> different<00:31:55.400> packaging<00:31:55.818> sizes<00:31:57.086> and<00:31:57.423> robots<00:31:57.905> are<00:31:57.985> maybe<00:31:58.306> good<00:31:58.547> at<00:31:58.708> doing<00:31:59.093> one<00:31:59.334> thing<00:31:59.832> consistently<00:32:00.700> right<00:32:00.796> now.

00:32:02.468 --> 00:32:34.348
Having<00:32:02.950> them<00:32:03.352> be<00:32:03.513> able<00:32:03.834> to<00:32:03.947> learn<00:32:05.362> and<00:32:05.763> adapt<00:32:06.487> and<00:32:06.648> handle<00:32:07.066> many<00:32:07.548> different<00:32:07.950> packaging<00:32:08.352> sizes,<00:32:09.544> what<00:32:09.706> will<00:32:09.947> I<00:32:10.109> think<00:32:10.350> allow<00:32:10.705> us<00:32:11.172> within<00:32:11.495> a<00:32:11.575> decade<00:32:12.059> to<00:32:12.220> finally,<00:32:12.865> you<00:32:13.671> know,<00:32:14.702> bring<00:32:14.960> the<00:32:15.105> dream<00:32:15.444> of<00:32:15.589> robotics<00:32:17.216> into<00:32:18.585> package<00:32:18.988> making<00:32:20.100> and<00:32:20.422> allow<00:32:20.824> us<00:32:21.082> to<00:32:21.324> redeploy<00:32:21.952> people<00:32:22.290> places<00:32:23.321> where<00:32:23.482> we<00:32:23.515> need<00:32:23.821> them,<00:32:24.449> because<00:32:25.013> ultimately,<00:32:26.147> AI,<00:32:27.678> I<00:32:28.000> think,<00:32:28.161> will<00:32:28.483> A,<00:32:28.596> make<00:32:28.822> people's<00:32:29.208> jobs<00:32:29.611> easier,<00:32:30.578> and<00:32:31.641> B,<00:32:32.205> sure,<00:32:32.769> it's<00:32:33.011> going<00:32:33.252> to<00:32:33.317> replace<00:32:33.655> some<00:32:33.961> jobs.

00:32:34.940 --> 00:32:52.439
But<00:32:35.133> when<00:32:35.359> you<00:32:35.602> have<00:32:36.167> 3.5%<00:32:37.233> unemployment<00:32:39.073> all<00:32:39.186> the<00:32:39.332> time,<00:32:40.930> all<00:32:41.027> the<00:32:41.124> time,<00:32:42.238> even<00:32:42.481> with<00:32:42.723> 63%<00:32:43.660> labor<00:32:43.933> participation,<00:32:45.142> which<00:32:45.303> is<00:32:45.464> low,<00:32:45.947> but<00:32:46.672> it's<00:32:46.833> not<00:32:47.316> incredibly<00:32:48.057> low<00:32:50.216> in<00:32:50.296> terms<00:32:50.683> of<00:32:51.182> US<00:32:51.505> historical<00:32:52.004> standards.

00:32:53.736 --> 00:32:54.910
We<00:32:53.897> need<00:32:54.154> this<00:32:54.299> technology.

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There's<00:32:55.328> just<00:32:55.826> no<00:32:56.389> way<00:32:56.550> around<00:32:56.968> it.

00:32:57.354 --> 00:33:06.977
We<00:32:57.499> can<00:32:57.659> all<00:32:57.756> panic<00:32:58.238> about<00:32:58.624> it<00:32:59.750> on<00:32:59.991> some<00:33:00.956> level<00:33:01.294> where<00:33:01.454> we<00:33:01.535> think<00:33:01.776> all<00:33:02.001> the<00:33:02.082> kids<00:33:02.339> are<00:33:02.419> going<00:33:02.660> to<00:33:02.870> start<00:33:03.032> copying,<00:33:05.168> getting<00:33:05.411> their<00:33:05.572> homework<00:33:06.056> done<00:33:06.379> by<00:33:06.702> AI.

00:33:07.832 --> 00:33:14.535
But<00:33:08.866> in<00:33:08.963> manufacturing,<00:33:10.093> I<00:33:10.254> think<00:33:12.837> it<00:33:12.918> just<00:33:13.144> has<00:33:13.322> enormous<00:33:13.969> promise.

00:33:15.571 --> 00:34:13.140
In<00:33:15.749> packaging,<00:33:16.800> I<00:33:16.946> think<00:33:19.774> And<00:33:19.854> this<00:33:20.078> was<00:33:20.255> probably<00:33:20.559> true<00:33:20.752> even<00:33:20.976> before<00:33:21.457> AI,<00:33:23.525> being<00:33:23.781> able<00:33:24.182> to<00:33:24.583> build<00:33:24.967> intelligence<00:33:25.721> into<00:33:25.945> a<00:33:26.089> package<00:33:27.484> so<00:33:28.173> it<00:33:28.269> can,<00:33:28.654> for<00:33:28.830> instance,<00:33:29.472> read<00:33:31.315> when—<00:33:31.796> and<00:33:31.876> not<00:33:32.100> just<00:33:32.277> a<00:33:32.357> simple<00:33:33.623> use-by<00:33:34.040> or<00:33:34.200> sell-by<00:33:34.601> date,<00:33:35.306> but<00:33:35.467> actually<00:33:35.819> know<00:33:36.909> when<00:33:37.470> the<00:33:37.647> product<00:33:38.208> is<00:33:38.384> about<00:33:38.769> to<00:33:38.849> start<00:33:39.169> turning<00:33:40.356> and<00:33:40.692> say,<00:33:41.558> flash<00:33:41.991> it<00:33:42.119> up<00:33:42.439> on<00:33:42.616> your<00:33:43.802> iPhone<00:33:44.203> and<00:33:44.299> suggest<00:33:45.164> a<00:33:46.063> recipe<00:33:46.705> that<00:33:46.930> you<00:33:47.027> can<00:33:47.252> use<00:33:48.151> based<00:33:48.537> upon<00:33:49.758> knowing<00:33:50.321> what<00:33:50.706> kind<00:33:51.269> of<00:33:53.116> food<00:33:53.534> is<00:33:54.000> also<00:33:54.322> in<00:33:54.563> the<00:33:54.659> refrigerator<00:33:55.449> or<00:33:56.198> what<00:33:56.426> your<00:33:56.768> typical<00:33:57.175> shopping<00:33:57.680> looks<00:33:57.973> like<00:33:58.462> or,<00:33:59.195> or<00:33:59.358> any<00:33:59.554> of<00:33:59.700> those<00:34:00.026> things<00:34:00.433> will,<00:34:03.170> of<00:34:03.202> course,<00:34:03.909> help<00:34:04.166> us<00:34:05.034> rid<00:34:05.355> ourselves<00:34:06.319> of<00:34:06.480> this<00:34:06.898> problem<00:34:07.380> of<00:34:07.460> food<00:34:07.701> waste,<00:34:08.650> which<00:34:08.842> is<00:34:09.051> a<00:34:09.148> huge<00:34:09.630> problem<00:34:10.032> in<00:34:10.112> the<00:34:10.160> United<00:34:10.450> States<00:34:10.835> and<00:34:10.980> a<00:34:11.076> huge<00:34:11.542> contributor<00:34:12.121> to<00:34:12.250> greenhouse<00:34:12.791> gas.

00:34:16.706 --> 00:34:24.975
The<00:34:16.850> off-gassing<00:34:17.572> of<00:34:17.652> methane,<00:34:18.709> even<00:34:19.190> in<00:34:19.350> compost<00:34:19.911> facilities,<00:34:21.594> is<00:34:21.834> a<00:34:22.074> huge<00:34:22.715> greenhouse<00:34:23.196> gas<00:34:24.622> issue.

00:34:25.600 --> 00:34:39.621
And<00:34:25.696> so<00:34:27.186> intelligent<00:34:28.003> packaging,<00:34:29.606> intelligent<00:34:30.712> machines,<00:34:32.009> I<00:34:32.154> think,<00:34:33.676> just<00:34:33.997> hold<00:34:34.477> an<00:34:34.814> enormous<00:34:37.137> amount<00:34:39.044> of<00:34:39.220> hope.

00:34:39.957 --> 00:34:45.828
Our<00:34:40.119> scheduler<00:34:40.976> too,<00:34:44.292> I<00:34:44.389> can't<00:34:45.117> replicate<00:34:45.731> her.

00:34:45.925 --> 00:35:05.036
I<00:34:46.006> mean,<00:34:46.168> Miranda,<00:34:47.219> who,<00:34:47.607> who's<00:34:48.270> been<00:34:48.448> our<00:34:48.594> scheduler<00:34:49.063> for<00:34:49.582> the<00:34:49.666> last<00:34:50.073> many<00:34:50.345> years,<00:34:52.561> sees<00:34:52.964> a<00:34:53.044> factory<00:34:53.689> in<00:34:53.770> its<00:34:53.996> full<00:34:54.173> dimension<00:34:55.463> and<00:34:55.785> in<00:34:56.188> 10<00:34:56.430> different<00:34:56.994> departments,<00:34:58.767> can<00:34:59.009> shift<00:34:59.412> jobs<00:34:59.896> around<00:35:01.188> to<00:35:01.285> meet<00:35:02.222> the<00:35:02.303> customer<00:35:02.724> calls,<00:35:03.435> our<00:35:03.532> typical<00:35:03.888> lead<00:35:04.098> time<00:35:04.341> being<00:35:04.583> 4<00:35:04.810> weeks.

00:35:05.440 --> 00:35:16.120
A<00:35:05.536> lot<00:35:05.648> of<00:35:05.713> customers<00:35:06.195> call<00:35:06.677> a<00:35:06.757> week<00:35:06.902> ahead<00:35:07.400> of<00:35:07.721> runout,<00:35:08.460> sometimes<00:35:09.151> hours<00:35:09.569> before<00:35:09.971> runout,<00:35:11.160> and<00:35:11.738> she<00:35:11.963> has<00:35:12.140> to<00:35:12.220> change<00:35:12.558> a<00:35:12.686> job<00:35:13.088> without<00:35:13.891> shutting<00:35:14.229> down<00:35:15.114> a<00:35:15.130> machine<00:35:15.747> elsewhere.

00:35:16.802 --> 00:35:45.443
So<00:35:17.370> I,<00:35:17.629> I<00:35:17.792> think<00:35:18.197> that<00:35:19.479> having<00:35:19.917> some<00:35:20.956> way<00:35:21.589> of<00:35:21.832> helping<00:35:22.076> Miranda<00:35:24.827> to<00:35:24.941> be<00:35:25.086> able<00:35:25.410> to<00:35:25.588> do<00:35:25.815> those<00:35:26.122> things<00:35:26.527> and<00:35:26.624> yet<00:35:26.851> still<00:35:27.174> have<00:35:27.417> her<00:35:27.660> overseeing<00:35:28.243> the<00:35:28.404> process,<00:35:28.987> I<00:35:32.901> I<00:35:33.563> think<00:35:33.725> would<00:35:33.870> help<00:35:34.128> me<00:35:34.371> sleep<00:35:34.694> better<00:35:35.017> at<00:35:35.162> night<00:35:35.405> because<00:35:36.293> right<00:35:36.471> now<00:35:36.971> there's,<00:35:38.716> if<00:35:38.877> I<00:35:38.974> were<00:35:39.055> to<00:35:39.200> lose<00:35:39.443> Miranda,<00:35:40.846> and<00:35:41.014> if<00:35:41.098> she's<00:35:41.350> listening,<00:35:41.703> she<00:35:41.938> already<00:35:42.123> knows<00:35:42.476> this<00:35:42.778> anyway,<00:35:44.390> she's<00:35:44.665> indispensable.

00:35:45.945 --> 00:36:02.817
So<00:35:48.375> having<00:35:48.651> some<00:35:48.878> help<00:35:49.040> for<00:35:49.202> her,<00:35:51.050> and<00:35:51.164> I<00:35:51.246> think<00:35:51.557> AI<00:35:51.884> would,<00:35:52.653> from<00:35:52.948> everything<00:35:53.602> we're<00:35:53.815> reading<00:35:54.339> and<00:35:54.584> you're<00:35:54.829> reading,<00:35:55.582> would<00:35:55.729> seem<00:35:55.909> to<00:35:56.057> be<00:35:56.302> able<00:35:57.076> to<00:35:57.172> be<00:35:57.333> well<00:35:57.573> placed<00:35:57.974> to,<00:35:58.295> to<00:35:58.455> handle<00:35:59.482> an<00:35:59.578> issue<00:36:00.380> like<00:36:01.005> a<00:36:01.582> forever<00:36:01.983> moving<00:36:02.368> schedule.

00:36:03.651 --> 00:36:05.655
Uh,<00:36:04.292> I'm<00:36:04.613> excited<00:36:05.110> by<00:36:05.431> it.

00:36:05.896 --> 00:36:08.638
Um,<00:36:06.810> I'm<00:36:06.938> excited<00:36:07.355> by<00:36:07.515> the<00:36:07.660> possibilities<00:36:08.397> of<00:36:08.558> it.

00:36:08.750 --> 00:36:11.733
Kevin,<00:36:10.386> I<00:36:10.482> can't<00:36:10.658> thank<00:36:10.819> you<00:36:10.867> enough<00:36:11.043> for<00:36:11.123> coming<00:36:11.428> on.

00:36:11.989 --> 00:36:15.116
Uh,<00:36:12.502> seriously,<00:36:13.048> it's—<00:36:13.272> I<00:36:13.368> could<00:36:13.448> talk<00:36:13.609> to<00:36:13.689> you<00:36:13.769> for<00:36:13.994> hours<00:36:14.314> about<00:36:14.571> this<00:36:14.731> stuff.

00:36:15.757 --> 00:36:17.265
I<00:36:15.918> want<00:36:16.046> to<00:36:16.094> be<00:36:16.174> respectful<00:36:16.591> of<00:36:16.639> your<00:36:16.800> time<00:36:17.056> though.

00:36:17.682 --> 00:36:24.372
The—<00:36:17.858> we,<00:36:18.163> we<00:36:18.339> end<00:36:18.484> every<00:36:18.660> interview<00:36:18.981> the<00:36:19.045> exact<00:36:19.398> same<00:36:19.622> way,<00:36:20.087> and<00:36:20.183> that<00:36:20.424> is<00:36:20.584> at<00:36:20.728> CEO.com,<00:36:21.386> we<00:36:21.530> believe<00:36:21.771> the<00:36:21.867> chances<00:36:22.252> one<00:36:22.428> gives<00:36:22.733> are<00:36:22.813> just<00:36:22.957> as<00:36:23.070> important<00:36:23.406> as<00:36:23.535> the<00:36:23.615> chances<00:36:23.952> everyone<00:36:24.097> takes.

00:36:25.229 --> 00:36:28.719
Uh,<00:36:25.471> when<00:36:25.633> you<00:36:25.794> hear<00:36:26.117> that,<00:36:26.360> who<00:36:26.457> gave<00:36:26.764> you<00:36:26.942> a<00:36:27.022> chance<00:36:27.507> to<00:36:27.604> get<00:36:27.814> you<00:36:27.928> to<00:36:28.057> where<00:36:28.218> you<00:36:28.396> are<00:36:28.558> today?

00:36:31.458 --> 00:36:44.090
Uh,<00:36:32.121> I<00:36:32.283> think<00:36:33.657> the<00:36:34.465> first—<00:36:35.662> if<00:36:35.823> I<00:36:35.920> can,<00:36:36.341> if<00:36:36.421> I'll<00:36:36.809> cheat<00:36:37.133> here,<00:36:37.359> or<00:36:37.472> I'll<00:36:37.779> cheat<00:36:38.087> here,<00:36:38.491> uh,<00:36:38.749> treat—<00:36:39.703> cheat<00:36:39.946> here—<00:36:40.124> my<00:36:40.350> father<00:36:40.689> convinced<00:36:40.932> me<00:36:41.028> to<00:36:41.157> come<00:36:41.335> into<00:36:41.576> the<00:36:41.657> business<00:36:42.704> and<00:36:42.865> was<00:36:43.332> a<00:36:43.429> good<00:36:43.655> teacher.

00:36:44.299 --> 00:36:49.455
Our<00:36:44.782> plant<00:36:45.040> manager<00:36:45.830> at<00:36:45.991> the<00:36:46.152> time,<00:36:47.280> uh,<00:36:47.618> Troy<00:36:48.004> Watson,<00:36:48.826> taught<00:36:49.068> me<00:36:49.293> a<00:36:49.310> lot.

00:36:50.317 --> 00:36:59.930
And<00:36:52.192> had<00:36:52.434> a<00:36:52.450> lot<00:36:52.693> of<00:36:53.064> confidence<00:36:54.519> in<00:36:54.777> me<00:36:55.100> to<00:36:55.197> learn<00:36:55.585> the<00:36:55.747> job<00:36:56.862> and<00:36:57.104> then<00:36:58.074> really<00:36:58.413> encouraged<00:36:58.979> me<00:36:59.205> to<00:36:59.270> go<00:36:59.463> forward.

00:37:00.654 --> 00:37:17.459
And<00:37:01.540> I'm<00:37:02.184> lucky<00:37:02.764> to<00:37:02.909> have<00:37:03.312> a<00:37:03.344> lot<00:37:03.585> of<00:37:03.650> young<00:37:03.891> people,<00:37:04.214> but<00:37:04.455> particularly<00:37:05.727> our<00:37:05.969> company<00:37:06.307> president,<00:37:06.855> Pallavi<00:37:07.193> Joyappa,<00:37:08.304> behind<00:37:08.627> me<00:37:08.724> now<00:37:10.166> pushing<00:37:10.588> me<00:37:10.815> forward<00:37:11.625> and<00:37:12.516> keeping<00:37:12.938> me—<00:37:15.045> making<00:37:15.369> sure<00:37:15.693> the<00:37:15.839> company<00:37:16.163> remains<00:37:16.730> on<00:37:16.908> the<00:37:17.054> cutting<00:37:17.378> edge.

00:37:17.557 --> 00:37:21.473
So<00:37:18.542> that<00:37:19.090> it<00:37:19.895> survives<00:37:20.475> and<00:37:20.555> thrives<00:37:20.893> going<00:37:21.183> forward.

00:37:21.521 --> 00:37:31.658
Because<00:37:21.988> a<00:37:22.021> lot<00:37:22.246> of<00:37:22.327> times—<00:37:22.810> I'm<00:37:22.955> sorry,<00:37:23.776> yeah,<00:37:24.082> 62-year-olds<00:37:25.129> begin<00:37:25.322> to<00:37:25.451> lose<00:37:25.644> our<00:37:25.789> edge<00:37:25.966> a<00:37:26.030> little<00:37:26.272> bit,<00:37:26.513> become<00:37:26.916> maybe<00:37:27.238> a<00:37:27.254> little<00:37:27.480> bit<00:37:27.641> more<00:37:27.770> conservative<00:37:28.525> than<00:37:28.750> we<00:37:28.846> should<00:37:29.874> when<00:37:30.035> opportunity<00:37:30.678> presents<00:37:31.096> itself.

00:37:31.803 --> 00:37:41.893
And<00:37:33.168> she<00:37:33.650> really<00:37:34.534> has<00:37:35.257> helped<00:37:35.514> me<00:37:35.819> thrive<00:37:36.735> towards<00:37:37.185> the<00:37:37.250> latter<00:37:37.590> part<00:37:37.785> of<00:37:37.850> my<00:37:38.078> career<00:37:39.133> and<00:37:40.026> helps<00:37:40.367> me<00:37:40.546> still<00:37:41.000> feel<00:37:41.341> relevant.

00:37:43.458 --> 00:37:50.437
So<00:37:44.239> I'm<00:37:44.564> lucky<00:37:44.905> to<00:37:45.051> have<00:37:45.295> had<00:37:45.555> those<00:37:45.880> folks<00:37:46.124> in<00:37:46.287> my<00:37:46.433> life<00:37:46.937> over<00:37:48.108> a<00:37:48.525> 25-year<00:37:49.409> career<00:37:49.730> in<00:37:49.810> this<00:37:50.051> business.

00:37:51.320 --> 00:38:02.098
And,<00:37:53.087> you<00:37:53.344> know,<00:37:54.388> the<00:37:54.453> memory<00:37:54.854> of<00:37:55.015> them<00:37:55.497> and<00:37:55.673> the<00:37:55.818> fact<00:37:56.155> of<00:37:56.235> them<00:37:56.958> being<00:37:57.199> present<00:37:58.645> really<00:37:59.030> keeps<00:37:59.368> me<00:37:59.512> going<00:38:00.171> and<00:38:00.813> keeps<00:38:01.086> me<00:38:01.135> going<00:38:01.456> with<00:38:01.552> a<00:38:01.616> smile.

00:38:02.323 --> 00:38:04.363
That's<00:38:03.946> beautiful.

00:38:04.572 --> 00:38:05.680
Kevin,<00:38:04.909> thank<00:38:05.150> you<00:38:05.215> so<00:38:05.407> much.

00:38:06.435 --> 00:38:07.576
Really<00:38:06.660> appreciate<00:38:07.014> you<00:38:07.142> coming<00:38:07.383> on.

00:38:07.640 --> 00:38:08.652
Best<00:38:07.881> of<00:38:07.961> luck<00:38:08.122> with<00:38:08.266> everything.

00:38:09.070 --> 00:38:11.270
I'm<00:38:09.166> sure<00:38:09.230> we'll<00:38:09.423> talk<00:38:09.600> to<00:38:09.648> you<00:38:09.696> because,<00:38:09.985> again,<00:38:10.210> I<00:38:10.306> could<00:38:10.451> talk<00:38:10.612> to<00:38:10.692> you<00:38:10.772> forever.

00:38:11.334 --> 00:38:12.266
So<00:38:11.656> thank<00:38:11.832> you<00:38:11.913> so<00:38:12.057> much.

00:38:12.523 --> 00:38:12.973
Have<00:38:12.635> a<00:38:12.700> good<00:38:12.844> one.

00:38:13.487 --> 00:38:14.982
No,<00:38:13.728> thanks,<00:38:14.066> and<00:38:14.146> thank—<00:38:14.307> great<00:38:14.532> questions.

00:38:15.095 --> 00:38:16.156
So<00:38:15.352> thank<00:38:15.529> you<00:38:15.658> very<00:38:15.770> much.

```